Trichlorfon is among the most commonly used products to treat fish parasites in aquaculture. We investigated the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of trichlorfon on haematological and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in carp Cyprinus carpio. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (11 and 22 mg l-1) of trichlorfon, and propolis (10 mg kg-1 of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. At the end of 14 d administration, blood and tissue (liver, kidney, gill) samples were collected. Haematological changes (red and white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit level and erythrocyte indices: mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) were determined in the blood samples, while antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities) were evaluated in the liver, kidney and gill samples. Trichlorfon led to negative alterations in the haematological and antioxidant parameters investigated. The administration of propolis alleviated this effect and suggests that fish treated with trichlorfon improve their physiological status when fed a propolis-supplemented diet.
Nicotine is associated with increased incidence of periodontal disease and poor response to therapy. This article aimed at identifying the expression of Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins on extracellular matrix, fibrous distribution and angiogenetic development in periodontitis caused by nicotine effects on periodontal membrane. In this experimental study, the groups were divided into nicotine and control groups. While the nicotine groups in rats (n=6) were administered 2mg/kg Nicotine sulphate for 28 days, the control group in rats (n=6) were only administered 1,5 ml physiologic saline solution subcutaneously for 28 days. Histological sections were prepared and immunohistochemically stained for MMP2 and VEGF. The sections were stained with Trichrome-Masson were observed under light microscope. VEGF and MMP2 immunoreactivity of periodontal gingiva and dentin was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, nicotine effect reduces Matrix metalloproteinases production and disrupt collagen synthesis and causes periodontitis. We observed that nicotine increases periodontitis by disrupting periodontal membrane and prevent tooth to anchor in dental alveoli by disrupting epithelial structure.
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