In this study, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate substrates plastics were coated with aluminum by physical vapor deposition method in order to determine which one is a better choice for outdoor reflector technology. This investigation has been done by applying the coating on a reflector that is already been used in the lighting industry. Scraping test, caustic soda and caustic potash test, reflection efficiency performance test and surface roughness test methods were used to determine the selection. Coatings on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate plastic materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. Although acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene plastic material is easier for injection molding and cheaper than polycarbonate material, the results showed that polycarbonate plastic material is more efficient than acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic material, especially in terms of surface roughness and reflection efficiency.
The coating is used to provide protection or functional properties to the surfaces of the substrate. In this study, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene plastic was coated with copper/ nickel by using an acidic electrolysis deposition method and with aluminum using the physical vapor deposition method. It has been investigated to find out which of these coating methods can be used as an outdoor lighting reflector. Therefore, these two coating methods were compared using sodium carbonate test, scratch test, surface roughness and reflection efficiency tests. In addition, copper/nickel deposited and aluminum deposited on acrylonitrile– butadiene–styrene plastic surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The surface roughness and reflection efficiency of acrylonitrile–butadiene– styrene plastic coated with aluminum applying the plasma vapor deposition method was more efficient than copper/ nickel coated acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene obtained by applying a non-electric bath method. It has been determined that the samples with electroless copper/nickel coating have a better outdoor resistance than the aluminum coated samples. On the other hand, it was also determined that the surface roughness and reflection efficiency of the aluminum coated samples was better with the plasma vapor deposition method than that of the electroless copper and nickel coated samples. The results show that aluminum coating with the physical vapor deposition method on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene plastic is more suitable for reflector technology in terms of light efficiency.
Recycling of plastic materials has become more environmentally important than recycling of other materials. The most important problem during recycling is the presence of oil, dirt, dust and metal particles that are mixed with plastic materials. These mixtures can change their its mechanical and physical properties and it is quite costly to remove them completely. Removing iron alloy particles from plastic is possible by using the magnetic method. However, removing non-metallic materials requires extra processing. In this study, the use of recycled High-Density Polyethylene (rHDPE) without an expensive cleaning processes has been investigated. Different amounts of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) were added to High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) to simulate the effect of non-metallic material involved. The effect of these contamination rates on the mechanical and physical properties of HDPE was examined in detail. For this purpose, recyclable materials were produced by mixing rHDPE with 1%, to 7% Al2O3 . The results show that up to 7% of the mixture has acceptable effects on the properties of HDPE. When the results of the experiments are examined, it is observed that there is a 3.74% change in the elastic modulus of the material. This means, that up to 7% non-metal contaminated rHDPE material can be used without any costly recycling process.
Geri dönüşüm esnasında plastik malzemelere karışan yabancı maddeleri ayrıştırmak zor ve maliyetli bir iştir. Yağ, kir, metal partikülleri ve boya gibi yabancı maddeler plastik ürünler kullanılırken ince bir tabaka halinde plastik malzemeye karışırlar. Birçok uygulamada geri dönüşümlü malzeme kullanımının ürün üzerinde etkisinin fazla olduğuna inanılır. Plastik malzemenin enjeksiyon makinasında tekrar eritilerek basılması esnasında yağ ve kir sıcaklığın etkisi ile ayrışırlar. Bakır, özellikle elektronik ve otomotiv sektöründe plastik malzemelere en yaygın karışım yapan malzemedir. Bu çalışmada, bakır partikülleri %1, %3, %5, %7 oranlarında karıştırılmış geri dönüşümlü Akrilonitril Bütadiyen Stiren (ABS) plastik malzemesinin fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bakır partüküllü geri dönüşümlü ABS malzemesi ile ilk kez kullanılan ABS malzemesinin gerinim, darbe, akış indeks, termal ve elektrik iletkenliği özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak %3 oranına kadar bakır partikülü karışımlı malzemenin fiziksel ve kalıplanabilirlik özelliklerine etkisinin kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür.
The sheet metal bending process plays an important role in sheet metal production and springback is an unintended consequence of this operation. If the bending die process is performed without knowing the amount of springback, it is difficult to produce parts within acceptable tolerance values. The springback behavior of the part to be bent also affects the size of the bending die. In particular, in the case of a 90° U bend die, the manufacturing cost of the bending die with the springback compensation method is high. Therefore, it is important to estimate the springback value at the design stage. In this work, the estimation of the amount of deformation to avoid springback value was performed using the thickness reduction method for high strength sheet metal. According to this study, the thickness reduction method can be used effectively in springback compensation. The estimation of the measurement accuracy at the design stage reduces the cost of the bending die and it is possible to produce parts within tolerance limits without much experimentation. The results showed that thickness reduction at the 0,2 t value was suitable to eliminate the springback value in the U-bending process. It has been found that experimental, empirical and finite element results are close to each other.
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