A study was carried out on the processing of a locally produced 'robo' from melon seeds in the Abeokuta metropolis in order to identify potential hazards and critical control points associated with its production and the measures to be adopted for the control of associated hazards. Samples collected along processing lines were subjected to physical and chemical hazard analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the samples were contaminated with the following hazards: mineral matter, tramp metal, extraneous vegetable material and matter of animal origin, as well as lead, cadmium, arsenic and tin (0.33 ± 03, 1.36 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.00 and 1.24 ± 0.03 mg kg )1 , respectively) which were still higher than the acceptable limits (0.1 mg kg )1 ).
<abstract> <p>This study investigated the effect of Industrialization on carbon emissions through energy consumption for a panel of eight Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and nine High Industrialised Countries over the period 1985 to 2020; the study employs the first generation and second-generation Unit root tests. The study further adopts the use of the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model, and Common Correlated Effect pooled mean group to estimate the parameters of the model for OPEC countries and High Industrialised Countries, respectively. In addition, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Granger causality test is conducted to infer the direction of causality among the variables. The causality test result reveals that, in OPEC, energy consumed during industrial activity is not enough to cause carbon emission and carbon emission does not cause industrialisation to interact with energy consumption. Also, for highly industrialised countries, interaction of energy consumption and industrialization causes carbon emission, but carbon emission does not cause the interaction of energy consumption and industrialization. The estimated model shows that the interactive effect of Industrialization and energy consumption has no significant influence on carbon emissions in OPEC countries in the short and long run. In contrast, foreign direct investment and economic growth have a positive and significant effect on carbon emissions in the short run. However, for highly industrialised countries the study found that the interactive effect of energy industrialization and energy consumption has a positive and significant effect on carbon emissions in the short run. It is apparent from the study that energy consumption for industrial activities, particularly in highly industrialised countries, causes carbon emission and such policy makers should formulate policy that necessitate the use of green energy for industrial activities to improve environmental quality.</p> </abstract>
Introduction: Pain control during Manual Vacuum Aspiration is one of the most important aspects of postabortion care. This study assessed the analgesic efficacy, requirement for additional analgesia, and overall satisfaction using Paracervical blocks of 1% lignocaine compare with normal saline as placebo among women undergoing manual vacuum aspiration for incomplete abortion in OAUTHC, Ile-Ife. Methods: This was a double blind randomized controlled trial that occurred between January 2019 and February 2020. We randomized one hundred and twenty eligible women equally into 2 groups. Group A received paracervical block using 1% lignocaine while those in group B received paracervical block using normal saline as placebo. We obtained ethical clearance from the Ethics and Research Committee of the hospital. Preoperatively, we obtained relevant data and evaluated the degree of anxiety and pain on a visual analog scale (VAS). Intraoperative pain was evaluated from 2 viewpoints: that of the external observer on a 0 -4 scale and that of the patient scale of 0 -10 in the immediate postoperative period, followed by overall satisfaction at the point of discharge. We analyzed the data using SPSS version 20. Paired T test, independent T test Chi square, and Fishers' exact tests were applied for continuous and categorical variables as appropriate. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The Intra-operative and Postoperative VAS was significantly higher in the placebo group compared to the analgesia group (t = −3.39, CI −4.11 -−2.69. P < 0.05 intra-operative, t = 7.18, CI 2.62 -4.
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