Background: Young breast cancer patients have a lower rate of survival than old breast cancer patients due to being diagnosed at advanced stages. Breast self-examination makes women more "breast aware", which in turn may lead to an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge and practice of breast self-examination and to determine knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer among high school students.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to examine the effects of actual weight status, perceived weight status and body satisfaction on self-esteem and depression in a high school population in Turkey.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 2101 tenth-grade Turkish adolescents aged 15–18 was conducted. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using weight and height measures. The overweight and obesity were based on the age- and gender-spesific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force values. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and depression was measured using Children's Depression Inventory. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine relationships among the variables.ResultsBased on BMI cut-off points, 9.0% of the students were overweight and 1.1% were obese. Logistic regression analysis indicated that (1) being male and being from a higher socio-economical level were important in the prediction of overweight based on BMI; (2) being female and being from a higher socio-economical level were important in the prediction of perceived overweight; (3) being female was important in the prediction of body dissatisfaction; (4) body dissatisfaction was related to low self-esteem and depression, perceived overweight was related only to low self-esteem but actual overweight was not related to low self-esteem and depression in adolescents.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that school-based adolescents in urban Turkey have a lower risk of overweight and obesity than adolescents in developed countries. The findings of this study suggest that psychological well-being of adolescents is more related to body satisfaction than actual and perceived weight status is.

Constipation is a health problem commonly seen in the elderly. In the present study, the effect of abdominal massage on constipation in the elderly was examined. The study sample consisted of 22 elderly people residing in a nursing home in the province of Manisa who were suffering from constipation in June 2014 to February 2015. The following were used to collect data: a case identification form; the Rome III Functional Constipation Diagnosis Criteria Form; the Bristol Stool Scale, consisting of the Recall Bias and Visual Scale Analog; and the Standard Diary Constipation Monitoring Form. The comparison of the mean scores obtained before, during, and after the implementation of abdominal massage in the elderly revealed that the number of bowel movements, stool weight, and stool consistency scores increased during and after the implementation. The differences between the mean intra- and postimplementation scores in terms of stool weight and between the pre- and postimplementation mean scores in terms of stool consistency were not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant difference between straining scores except for those obtained during intra- and postimplementation application. It was determined that abdominal massage increased the number of bowel movements, stool weight, and stool consistency, decreased the mean scores for straining, and decreased inability to completely empty the bowels (except on the implementation days).

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This study aimed to explore the experiences of the people who underwent orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia and to report their feelings and thoughts. The study was carried out using a qualitative approach. Twenty‐one patients were interviewed who underwent orthopedic surgery on the first or second postoperative day. Content analysis was performed after the collection of raw data. NVIVO 12 Pro software was used for data analysis. The frequency count (f) and participant codes (P) were used for the presentation of the findings. The themes and frequency counts obtained by analyzing the interviews with the patients were as follows: “Time passed like watching a movie” (f = 213), “Like an adventure” (f = 587), and “See, feel, look” (f = 405). Five of 21 participants (23.8%) stated that they would not recommend spinal anesthesia. The findings generally indicated the anxiety caused by the unknown, fear in the preanesthetic period, operation experienced like an adventure, and a process generally completed with satisfaction.

Purpose: Spirituality contributes to the health and well-being of individuals. This study investigates the factors that predict the spirituality perceptions and the effect of death anxiety of nurses.Design and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, 382 nurses working in four public hospitals intensive care and emergency departments setting in two different cities in Turkey.Findings: Variables predicting the total and subscale scores of the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale of nurses were determined by linear multiple regression analysis. Except for the religiousness subscale, the satisfaction level of nurses was found to be a significant predictor in total of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Scale.Practice Implications: Nurses working in high-risk units are unclear about their perception of spirituality and spiritual care.

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