The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine of two resin-based root canal sealers. The root canals of 55 human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared using a step-back technique and the smear layer removed with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The teeth were divided into two groups of 25 teeth and the remaining five teeth served as control. Then the teeth were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha by a lateral condensation and either AH plus and EndoRez used as a sealer. Twenty teeth from each group were used for the apical leakage test and the remaining five teeth from each group were used for examination under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). For apical leakage test, teeth were covered with nail varnish and sticky wax to within 1 mm of the apical foramen and placed in 2% methylene blue for 7 days. After this period, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and apical leakage measurements made. The mean value of dye penetration for AH plus was 2.87 +/- 0.43 mm, while that of EndoRez was 4.54 +/- 0.36 mm. The difference between mean of dye penetration was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The SEM examination showed both sealers had better adaptation and penetration in coronal and middle thirds than apical third of root canal. In apical third, AH plus was adapted better adpated to dentine than EndoRez. In conclusion, AH plus sealer has better apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine than EndoRez sealer.
The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) and a silicone-based sealer (Roeko Seal Automix, RSA). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay for mitochondrial enzyme activity and haemocytometer viable cell counting after 24, 48 and 72-h exposure to L929 cells. AH Plus and RSA showed no statistically significant difference in the degree of toxicity. Both sealers had a low toxic influence on the cells during the experimental period. This study indicates that epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus and the silicone-based sealer RSA have similar levels of cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblasts.
The purpose of this study was to determine diffusion of hydroxyl ions through dentine from different calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] medicaments. Forty-five single-rooted teeth were instrumented and cavities (3 mm in diameter and 1 mm in depth) were prepared on the facial surface of each root. After smear layer was removed with 17% EDTA all surfaces of roots, except cavities, were coated with nail polish. Teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (each 10 samples) and a control group (five samples). They were filled with: group 1, Ca(OH)2 and distilled water mixture; group 2, TempCanal; group 3, Calasept; and group 4, Ca(OH)2 plus point. Control group, in which nothing was applied to the canals. All samples were immersed in distilled water maintained at 37 degrees C. pH values were measured at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days and 14 days. Ca(OH)2-distilled water mixture and TempCanal showed highest pH values at 24 h. Calasept, Ca(OH)2 plus point and control showed highest pH values at 3 h. Time intervals after 24 h, Ca(OH)2-distilled water mixture, TempCanal and Calasept showed higher pH values than Ca(OH)2 plus point, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The pH value of Ca(OH)2 plus point was lower than the values of other materials after 3 h. This study indicates that non-setting Ca(OH)2 based materials have an effective release of hydroxyl ions compared with Ca(OH)2 plus point.
Background. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of three electronic apex locators (EALs) (DentaportZX [J Morita, Tokyo, Japan], Propex Pixi [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland], and iPex II [NSK,Tokyo, Japan]) during root canal retreatment. Methods. The root canal lengths of 90 extracted single-rooted human teeth were determined under adental operating microscope at ×10 magnification. The actual working length (AWL) was 0.5 mm lessthan the root length. Electronic measurements were performed with the three EALs. The root canalswere instrumented and filled to the actual working length using the lateral compaction technique. Afterseven days, the teeth were retreated until the retreatment file was applied to the root canal at the workinglength determined by EALs, and then, the three EALs were used for determining the retreatmentworking length. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results. In the retreatment, the accuracy of EALs was reported at %83.3 for Dentaport ZX, %83.4 forPropex Pixi, and %80 for iPex II within a tolerance of 0.5± mm of the AWL. Conclusion. Under the limitations of this study, Dentaport ZX, Propex Pixi, and iPex II can be a usefuladjunct during retreatment. Clinicians should be aware that residual materials in the root canal duringretreatment can affect the accuracy of EALs.
Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the coronal tooth discoloration caused by the materials used in such applications, by using spectrofotometre. Material and Methods:Fifty extracted human maxillary central incisor teeth were used in this study. Teeth were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 10) and stored in saline solution at 37 °C in 100% humidity. Apical part of the root, was removed 2 mm below the semento-enamel junction. Then apical access cavity was made in 5 groups and prepared by using Gates Glidden files (Dentsply, Maillefer, USA) at number 1 to 6. The groups were as follows: Negative control group, Biodentin, Bioaggregate, ProRoot MTA and Positive control group (bovine animal blood). A 2mm-thick increment of reparative material was placed on the pulpal floor, covered by glass ionomer cement. Color change was evaluated with Easyshade Advance Spectrophotometer at 5 time points: day 0 (T0), day7 (T1), day 14 (T2), 1 month (T3) and 2 months (T4). Changes in Commission Internationale de l'eclairage L*a*b* were measured for each experimental group and compared with each other. Results: There were no significant differences between negative control group, biodentin and bioaggregate group. These groups produced significantly less discoloration than ProRoot MTA and positive control group. There were significant drops in the values of L* from T0 to T4 in the Positive control group and ProRoot MTA group. The values decreased over time as the samples became darker.. Conclusions: Tricalcium Silicate based materials such as Biodentine or Bioaggregate can be prefer instead of MTA in the anterior teeth, where the esthetic outcome is very important.
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