Twenty five advanced lines among them twelve lines obtained from the cross between Edible Podded Pea and IPSA Motorsuty-1, nine obtained from the cross between Local White and IPSA Motorsuty-3 and five parental lines were included to measure genetic diversity. The field experiment was conducted at the research farm, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all characters. Multivariate analysis based 14 agronomic characters indicated that the 26 genotypes fell into five distant clusters. Fifty percent germination was found to be contributed maximum towards the total divergence. The inter cluster (D 2 values) distance was maximum between cluster I and cluster II and intra-cluster distance was in cluster III. Cluster V comprising five genotypes, namely, G11, G14, G21, G22, G25 and scored first position for 50% germination, pod per plant, 100 green seed weight and seed yield per plant (6.02). Genotypes belonging to the cluster I, II and V having greater inter cluster distance and higher cluster means for various characters could be recommended for inclusion in future breeding program as they are expected to produce good segregates.
This review focuses on the probable anti-cancer mechanisms of human amniotic membrane (AM) that may be very helpful for ongoing cancer research activities with AM. A thorough search was conducted on PubMed for any published literature on the anti-cancer role of human AM using the key words, e.g., AM, function of AM, angiogenesis prevention, apoptosis induction by AM. No particular exclusion criteria were set. We selected resources from 1960 to 2018 with special focus on articles published during the last 7 years that revealed information regarding AM-derived factors and their specific functions to prevent cancer. Many studies suggest that human AM-derived epithelial stem cells (AM-hAECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (AM-hMSCs) secrete various factors, e.g., thrombospondin (TSP), tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP), plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), cytokines specially IL-6 and IL-10, various essential markers, and proteins which most predominantly increase the AM's anti-cancer activity. This work gives an overview of the latest findings on AM function and evaluates its potential use in cancer treatment. Though various researches are being performed now on the anti-neoplastic properties of AM, the mechanism of these effects is not clear yet. Therefore, it has a great demand to unveil the mood of action of AM as to exert anti-cancer activity. From the meta-analysis of previous data, this review has pointed out an anti-cancer mechanism of AM that would help to use it as an anti-cancer therapy.
Twenty one genotypes of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata L.) were evaluated to measure the variability among the genotypes for several characters, estimate genetic parameters, association among the characters and their contribution to yield. There was a great deal of significant variation for all the characters among the genotypes. High variability was observed in number of female flowers/plant, number of male flowers/plant, single fruit weight and fruit yield/plant. All the characters except days to first male flowering and days to first female flowering showed high heritability along with high genetic advance in percent of mean. The positive and strong association of number of female flowers/plant (r g =0.918, r p =0.839), number of male flowers/plant (r g =0.687, r p =0.638), fruit length (r g =0.691, r p = 0.520), fruit breadth (r g =0.518, r p =0.420) and single fruit weight (r g =0.492, r p = 0.431) with fruit yield/plant revealed the importance of these characters in determining fruit yield/plant. On the other hand, days to first male flowering (r g = -0.623, r p = -0.550) and days to first female flowering (r g = -0.689, r p = -0.543) correlated significantly and negatively with fruit yield/plant. The path co-efficient analysis revealed that the highest positive direct effect was recorded in number of female flowers (0.887) to fruit yield and high direct effect was found in case of days to first female flowering (0.798). Fruit breadth was observed to have the highest positive indirect effect (0.899). In case of fruit length (0.381) and single fruit weight (0.398), the significant positive correlation with fruit yield/plant was observed because of the combination of the direct and indirect effects of fruit length and single fruit weight to fruit yield/plant. Overall, the results indicated that days to first female flowering, number of female flowers, fruit length, fruit breadth and single fruit weight can be used as useful selection criteria to increase fruit yield/plant in pumpkin.
Background:
Syzygium cumini, one of the evidence-based traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of
various ailments.
Objectives:
Herein, the antioxidant property and anticancer property of Syzygium cumini against Ehrlich Ascites
Carcinoma (EAC) were examined in search of effective chemotherapeutics.
Methods:
In vitro assays, phytochemical and chromatographic analysis were used to determine antioxidant properties and
chemical constituents of Syzygium cummini bark methanolic extract (SCBME). Functional assays were used to measure
the anticancer activity of SCBME. Fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR were used to examine morphological and
molecular changes of EAC cells followed by SCBME treatment.
Results:
Phytochemical and GC–MS analysis confirmed the presence of compounds with antioxidant and anticancer
activities. Accordingly, we have noted a strong antioxidant activity of SCBME with an IC50 value of 10μg/ml.
Importantly, SCBME exerted a dose-dependent anticancer activity with significant inhibition of EAC cell growth (71.08 ±
3.53%; p<0.001), reduction of tumour burden (69.50%; p<0.01) and increase of life span (73.13%; p<0.001) of EACbearing mice at 75mg/kg/day. Besides, SCBME restored the blood toxicity towards normal in EAC-bearing mice
(p<0.05). SCBME treated EAC cells showed apoptotic features under a fluorescence microscope and fragment DNA in
DNA laddering assay. Moreover, up-regulation of the tumour suppressor p53 and pro-apoptotic Bax and down-regulation
of NF-κB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 genes, implied induction of apoptosis followed by SCBME treatment.
Conclusion:
The antiproliferative activity of SCBME against EAC cells is likely due to apoptosis, mediated by regulation
of p53 and NF-κB signalling. Thus, SCBME can be considered as a useful resource in cancer chemotherapy.
Stored grain pests are discovered in food as immature stages, which further complicates the identification process. A DNA barcode dataset of some important pests that can be used for easy and confirm identification in stages of life is constructed. COI genes of three stored grain insect pests i.e,, Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and Oryzaephilus surinamensis were sequenced. The sequenced genes were submitted to NCBI GenBank and obtained accession numbers MG967331.1, MG967332.1, MG967333.1 and MK041216.1. BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% homology with existing GenBank sequences. The nucleotide composition analysis revealed that the value of A+T (64.8%) is greater than G+C (35.2%). Genetic distance among four sequences of three store pests were ranged from 0.00293-0.32807. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these three species are originated from different clades. Haplotype analysis of mitochondrial COI gene of the stored grain insect pests showed high genetic diversity among them. C. chinensis, O. surinamensis and S. oryzae were separated from their common ancestor by 80, 73 and 64 mutational steps. These information may be helpful for attempting any successful control measures against the pest species. In conclusion, present author established the first DNA barcode dataset of three store grain pests and confirmed its efficiency for identifying these pests.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 1-11, 2019
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