This study was conducted to assess the level of dental flourosis and Decaying, Missing, Filled Tooth (DMFT) of selected patients, in district Mardan village Rustam and District Mianwali village Harnoli. Study was conducted among people of age 10 - 60 years. The regions of Rustam and Harnoli are known to have high value of fluoride in drinking water. A cross sectional study was conducted among the subjects and the grade of fluorosis was calculated according to Deans Fluorosis Index. DMFT of each subject was also calculated. Total of 100 subjects were selected by simple random sampling technique among the population of Rustam and Harnoli and they were observed for the extent of fluorosis they had along with the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth they had Most of the population uses underground water, the water people commonly used was collected and was tested for amount of fluoride. The results show that there is a strong relationship between fluoride level and extent of fluorosis. Populations of both areas have dental fluorosis due to high concentration of fluoride in drinking water and also comparatively low DMFT because fluoride has caries protective effect
COVID-19 disease has had a global impact on human health with increased levels of morbidity and mortality. There is an unmet need to design and produce effective antivirals to treat COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the potential ability of natural stilbenes to inhibit the Mpro protease, an acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enzyme involved in viral replication. The binding affinities of stilbene compounds against Mpro were scrutinized using molecular docking, prime molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) energy calculations, and molecular dynamic simulations. Seven stilbene molecules were docked with Mpro and compared with GC376 and N3, antivirals with demonstrated efficacy against Mpro. Ligand binding efficiencies and polar and non-polar interactions between stilbene compounds and Mpro were analyzed. The binding affinities of astringin, isorhapontin, and piceatannol were −9.319, −8.166, and −6.291 kcal/mol, respectively, and higher than either GC376 or N3 at −6.976 and −6.345 kcal/mol, respectively. Prime MM-GBSA revealed that these stilbene compounds exhibited useful ligand efficacy and binding affinity to Mpro. Molecular dynamic simulation studies of astringin, isorhapontin, and piceatannol showed their stability at 300 K throughout the simulation time. Collectively, these results suggest that stilbenes such as astringin, isorhapontin, and piceatannol could provide useful natural inhibitors of Mpro and thereby act as novel treatments to limit SARS-CoV-2 replication.
Social media is a barometer to anticipate sentiment of the public about the state of affairs and ongoing pandemic engaged an additional user base who are confined to their stations. COVID-19 startled the world and the crisis exacerbates in the absence of sufficient data for policy making. The data from social media and a timely analysis can provide sufficient statistics for decision-making. This study explores Twitter data to discover knowledgeable statistics on public sentiments about COVID-19 vaccination in developing countries. The study inspects data collected from two extremely populated developing countries: India and Pakistan. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier achieves 74.3% accuracy on the manually labeled dataset. Furthermore, the sentiment analysis is correlated with other indigenous factors like regional literacy rate and COVID-19 calamities in the time interval. It is observed that the negative to positive sentiments correlates with a lower to higher regional literacy rate and a higher COVID-19 intensity causes positive sentiments towards vaccination. The correlations of results with indigenous factors may help to advocate the devised strategies to the right audience and social media knowledge discovery with machine learning techniques may help to recover from data scarcity challenges in a medical emergency like COVID-19 in developing countries. Please note: Abbreviations should be introduced at the first mention in the main text – no abbreviations lists. Suggested structure of main text (not enforced) is provided below.
We report a case of an extremely rare presentation of a sigmoid carcinoma, which presented as an appendicular abscess along with pseudomembranous colitis involving the small bowel. Colo-rectal carcinoma has presented as abdominal wall abscess in the past, but to the best of our knowledge, an incident of colo-rectal carcinoma presenting as an appendicular abscess and later developing pseudomembranous colitis involving the small bowel has never been reported. Such patients’ condition is potentially curable if detected early through careful history taking, examination, investigations and regular screening programs.
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