A field experiment on the effect of planting dates and pinching on growth, flowering in African marigold cv. SIRAKOLE was carried out during the period between November, 2007 to June, 2008 with four planting dates and three levels of pinching. November planting resulted in more plant spread (north-south, east-west direction), number of leaves, primary and secondary branches per plant. November planting was found beneficial in improving several floral characters like diameter (5.00 cm), number as well as weight of flowers per plot (843.55, 5422.66 g, respectively) and yield of flower per hectare (20083.92 kg). Shoot pinching at 30 days after planting improved plant spread, number of leaves, as well as weight of flowers per plot (3745.95 g) and yield of flowers per hectare (13873.0 kg). Interaction effect of November planting with single pinching was found beneficial in improving flower yield per hectare (21382.96 kg).
SSR markers are considered to be the most ideal marker for genetic studies
because they are multi-allelic, abundant, randomly and widely distributed
throughout the genome, co-dominant that could differentiate plants with
homozygous or heterozygous alleles, simple to assay, highly reliable,
reproducible. Microsatellite markers are highly polymorphic and informative
and could be successfully used for genome analysis in black gram & green
gram. Microsatellite markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity in 17
indigenous cultivars of pulse crops (11 cultivars of green gram and 6
cultivars of black gram respectively). They are subjected to variability
analysis with 26 microsatellite markers for identification efficient primers
to conclude the nature of molecular diversity present among the pulses. The
SSR primer G228 showed 63.63% of polymorphism followed by MB-SSR 238
(45.45%) and G006 (36.36%). The 12 microsatellite markers produced 15.90 %
polymorphism with banding ranged up to 7 with an average of 2.3 polymorphic
banding patterns per SSR primer. Similarly for black gram, three random
microsatellite primers G006 (50%) and G166 and G204 (33.33%) revealed
considerable DNA polymorphism. The 14 random SSR primers produced 8.33% of
polymorphism with banding ranged up to three with an average of 1.28
polymorphic banding pattern per SSR primer. The Distinguish Power (D),
Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) value and Marker Index (MI) values
revealed some SSR primers like G006, G204 and G166 can alone amplified
distinct banding pattern, where as a combination of (G228+G006), (G228+G304)
for green gram and the combination (G006+G166) can be used for black gram
for ascertaining genetic diversity at any stage of crop growth period for
green gram or black gram. From the present study we can conclude that
selective microsatellite markers are highly polymorphic, informative and
easily reproducible, which can be successfully used either as single or with
combination for molecular characterization of crop species belonging to
Vigna species.
The aim of this study was to evaluate comparative changes in total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity of milk during lactation in different cattle types and buffaloes. Milk samples from a total of 96 healthy animals of Sahiwal cows (Indian native cattle), Karan Fries cows (Cross-bred), Holstein Frisian cows (exotic cattle) and Murrah buffaloes (Riverine buffaloes) were collected at different lactation stages; early lactation (5-15 days), peak (30-60 days), mid (100-140 days) and late lactation (>215 days). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of milk was measured by ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. TAC in milk was higher during early lactation. Similar results were observed for DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples. The data suggested that milk during the early lactation period of dairy cows and buffaloes had higher content of antioxidants in comparison to other stages of lactation.
A field experiment on the effect of planting dates and pinching on seed production in African marigold cv. Sirakole was carried out during November, 2007 to June, 2008 with four planting dates and three levels of pinching. November planting gave more number of seeds (191.89) and weight of seed per head (0.32g) ,seed yield per plot (272.24 g), 1000 seed weight (1.65g) as well as seed yield (1008.29 kg) per hectare. In addition to these quality traits like germination percentage of seed, root and shoot length of seedlings and vigour index also witnessed significant improvement under this date of planting. Shoot pinching at 30 days after planting was effective in bringing significant improvement in number (173.01) and weight (0.25g) of seeds per head as well as seed yield (309.77 kg) per hectare. Interaction effect of November planting and single pinching improved germination percentage (90.44) and seed vigour index (2098).
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