Objective: To determine the frequency of malocclusion features, convex facial profile and non-nutritive sucking habits among children with and without early weaning. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from June to December 2020, and comprised of either gender aged 3-6 years. The subjects were clinically examined, and details of lactation period, bottle feeding, thumb and pacifiers sucking were gathered from the parents to assess association with malocclusion. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 180 subjects, 100(55.5%) were boys and 80(45.5%) were girls. There was significant association of early weaning with non-nutritive sucking habits, absent primate spaces, deviated midlines, and complete overbite (p<0.05). Breastfeeding <2 years was significantly associated with anterior crossbite (p<0.05). Early weaning had no association with convex facial profile, distoclusion, anterior and posterior crossbite and increased overjet (p>0.05). Non-nutritive sucking habits had significant relationship with deviated dental midlines (p>0.05). Conclusion: Early weaning was found to be a factor in establishing non-nutritive sucking habits, and was strongly associated with crowding, disturbed vertical overlapping of incisors and developing decreased facial height. Breastfeeding for less than the recommended duration had a tendency to lead to anterior cross-bite. Key Words: Weaning, Non-nutritive sucking habits, Malocclusion, Crowding, Overbite.
Objective: To compare the morphology of symphysis in normodivergent patients of short and normal mandible attending outpatient department of large public sector dental hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This was a prospective observational study that was carried out at the outpatient department of the orthodontics, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, from June-2020 to December-2020. The study included 70 (35 in each group) patients with a normal angle MMA over the range of 25.5° ± 5.3°. McNamara analysis has been carried out including all the patients and dividing into two group's i.e., normal mandible and short mandible. On cephalogram, perpendicular distance from Pog to B-Me line, angle symphysis vertical dimension (B-B1-Gn), and angle symphysis convexity (B-Pog-Me), were measured for all patients. Results: Out of seventy (70) patients, there were 24 (34.3%) males and 46 (65.7) females. Patients were equally divided into two groups, i.e., short 35 (50.0%) and normal mandible 35 (50.0%). The mean angle of symphysis convexity, symphysis vertical dimension, and anterior prominence of symphysis of participants were 124.6 ± 42.8, 49.9 ± 4.7, and 4.1 ± 1.1 respectively. Patients with short mandible were found to have significantly higher in symphysis convexity as compared to patients of normal mandibular, i.e., 136.54 ± 3.55 and 112.74 ± 58.53 respectively, (p-value= 0.022). Conclusion: Symphysis convexity was found greater in short mandible patients showing that in short mandible patients, symphysis was flatter anteriorly, less convex, and less prominent.
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