This study aims to explore the autonomy level and use of language learning strategies in a preparatory school of a state university before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred fifty-five preparatory school students from a state university participated in the research. For the data collection, Oxford’s Language Learning Strategy (LLS) and a learner autonomy questionnaire developed by Zhang and Li were used. Means, standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson’s r-correlation were used to analyze the data. The results showed that while participants’ level of learner autonomy before the pandemic was high, during the pandemic it was moderate. Additionally, the results from the LLS questionnaires showed that students used a moderate proportion of language learning strategies before and after the pandemic. Finally, the correlation analysis used to determine the relationship between the level of learner autonomy and LLS use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated that there is a positive and linear relationship between the level of learner autonomy and LLS use.

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The Education Quarterly Reviews is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.The Asian Institute of Research Education Quarterly Reviews is a peer-reviewed International Journal. The journal covers scholarly articles in the fields of education, linguistics, literature, educational theory, research, and methodologies, curriculum, elementary and secondary education, higher education, foreign language education, teaching and learning, teacher education, education of special groups, and other fields of study related to education. As the journal is Open Access, it ensures high visibility and the increase of citations for all research articles published. The Education Quarterly Reviews aims to facilitate scholarly work on recent theoretical and practical aspects of education.

This study investigates the 21st century skills of the third and fourth year students studying at the Department of English Language and Literature of two Turkish state universities. Additionally, this study reveals the levels of the 21st century skills of these students. To this end, a case study has been designed and conducted with 158 ELL students and 20 lecturers of the same department. The study has been conducted throughout the 2019-2020 academic year. In this study we review the related literature and we have chosen the two appropriate research instruments to collect the data. These instruments include a survey questionnaire for the students and a survey questionnaire for the lecturers are used to investigate the 21st century skills of ELL students. The quantitative analysis of the data reveals that the students in these ELL departments are aware of their own 21st century skills. Another conclusion of this study demonstrates that although most of the students stated that they already use most of the 21 century skills, the lecturers do not readily approve of them. The lecturers stated that the students did not use different thinking techniques to create original ideas in their lives, evaluate new ideas by using analysis, work patiently to produce solutions to the problems, and the students did not take steps to improve their skills. Additionally, the lecturers disagreed with the statements that the students listened to other's opinion about a subject, had effective communication skills, adapted to different roles in their lives, were open to criticism, knew that learning was a lifelong process, knew that media was effective in directing people's opinion, used appropriate media tools to get information and used technological tools to analyse information.

The Education Quarterly Reviews is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.The Asian Institute of Research Education Quarterly Reviews is a peer-reviewed International Journal. The journal covers scholarly articles in the fields of education, linguistics, literature, educational theory, research, and methodologies, curriculum, elementary and secondary education, higher education, foreign language education, teaching and learning, teacher education, education of special groups, and other fields of study related to education. As the journal is Open Access, it ensures high visibility and the increase of citations for all research articles published. The Education Quarterly Reviews aims to facilitate scholarly work on recent theoretical and practical aspects of education.

This study was undertaken to investigate the relation between pre-service EFL teachers' epistemological beliefs and their approaches to teaching. The participants are 105 pre-service EFL teachers, selected based on a random sampling method. To measure pre-service EFL teachers' epistemological beliefs, The Epistemological Beliefs Survey, developed by Chan and Eliott ( 2004), was used. This survey conceptualizes epistemological beliefs under four dimensions; namely "innate/fixed ability, learning effort/process, authority/expert knowledge, and certainty knowledge." To measure, preservice EFL teachers' approaches to teaching, the Approaches to Teaching Inventory, developed by Trigwell, Prosser, and Ginns ( 2005), was utilized. This tool has three major subdimensions; "transmission-based, student-teacher interaction, and student focus." Descriptive and correlational statistical analyses were used. The results indicated that pre-service EFL teachers moderately agree with the sub-dimensions of epistemological beliefs and the most important sub-dimension that predict teaching approaches is the effort dimension of epistemological beliefs.

The concept of motivational regulation has always been on the agenda of researchers; however, the role of motivational regulation has received relatively little attention in terms of writing skills. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the potential correlations between motivational writing regulation strategies concerning collaborative writing beliefs of undergraduate L2 writers. To this end, a total of 102 undergraduate L2 writers were surveyed. To collect the data, two research tools were used. The first one is the Writing Strategies for Self-regulated Learning Questionnaire (WSSRLQ) (Teng and Zhang 2016a). This questionnaire conceptualizes motivational writing regulation strategies in terms of cognitive, metacognitive, and social-behavioral factors. The second data collection tool employed in the present study was the Collaborative Learning Beliefs Survey, which was prepared based on Roskams (1999). According to the findings of the study, there is a correlation between self-regulated writing strategies and collaborative learning beliefs. Hence, it is suggested that EFL writing instructions focus on motivational regulation strategies and other aspects of self-regulated strategies to ensure effective L2 writing instruction.

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