The pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 affects millions of people worldwide. There are still many unknown aspects to this infection which affects the whole world. In addition, the potential impacts caused by this infection are still unclear. Amino acid metabolism, in particular, contains significant clues in terms of the development and prevention of many diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to compare amino acid profile of COVID-19 and healthy subject. In this study, the amino acid profiles of patients with asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe/critical SARS-CoV-2 infection were scanned with LC–MS/MS. The amino acid profile encompassing 30 amino acids in 142 people including 30 control and 112 COVID-19 patients was examined. 20 amino acids showed significant differences when compared to the control group in COVID-19 patient groups with different levels of severity in the statistical analyses conducted. It was detected that the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) changed in correlation with one another, and l -2-aminobutyric acid and l -phenylalanine had biomarker potential for COVID-19. Moreover, it was concluded that l -2-aminobutyric acid could provide prognostic information about the course of the disease. We believe that a new viewpoint will develop regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis as a result of the evaluation of the serum amino acid profiles of COVID-19 patients. Determining l -phenylalanine and l -2-aminobutyric levels can be used in laboratories as a COVID-19-biomarker. Also, supplementing COVID patients with taurine and BCAAs can be beneficial for treatment protocols. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00726-021-03081-w.

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In this study, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) levels were determined in the tissues (muscle, liver and gills) of two fish species, Capoeta capoeta umbla and Chalcalburnus mosullensis, collected from three stations of the Karasu River. The lowest metal accumulation was detected in the muscle tissues. Moreover there was some variability in the metal concentrations measured in the same tissues from samples obtained from the three different stations. A positive correlation was observed for the concentration of metal pairs Fe-Cu, Fe-Zn, Ni-Pb, Pb-Zn. These findings were also compared with national and international food standards, and Pb and Cd concentrations were determined to be above the level set by the standards. In conclusion, it was supposed that excessive consumption of these two fish species, which already occurs in this region, might pose a public health risk.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, koyunlarda suni tohumlama programı dahilinde gebelik teşhis yöntemi olarak kullanılan 18. günde yapılan Ultrason ve Progesteron testlerinin ve 90. Günde uygulanan Abdominal Ultrason testlerinin saha koşullarında uygulanabilirliği ve doğruluk oranlarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 61 baş 2-5 yaş arası Morkaraman-İvesi ve Tuj ırkı koyunlar materyal olarak kullanıldı. Suni tohumlama programına alınan 61 baş koyunun kuzulama sonucunda 21'inin (%34,4) gebe, 40'ının (%65,6) gebe olmadığı tespit edildi. 3 farklı tanı testine ait verilere Ki-Kare analizi uygulandı ve gerçek tanı sonucu ile aralarındaki uyumun önemli olduğu (p<0.01) tespit edildi. Roc analizinde en iyi sonucu eğri altında kalan alan göz önünde bulundurulduğunda 1,00'la gebeliğin 90. günüde yapılan Abdominal Ultrason testi vermiştir. 18. günde yapılan gebelik testi ve Progesteron testi sonucunda eğri altında kalan alanlar sırasıyla 0,875 ve 0,805 olarak bulunmuştur. Uygulanan tüm analizler sonucunda en iyi sonucu veren 90. günde yapılan Abdominal Ultrason testi olmasına rağmen, 18. günde yapılan ultrasona dayalı gebelik testinin gebeliğin erken teşhisi ve saha koşullarında daha pratik bir şekilde uygulanabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.

Background It has been reported that living far from the peritoneal dialysis (PD) unit is a risk factor for peritonitis. Considering that PD units are urban located; the question of whether living in a rural area compared to an urban area is a risk factor for peritonitis has arisen. Methods From March 2010 to August 2020, 335 episodes of peritonitis in 202 PD patients followed in a single center were evaluated retrospectively. People living in areas with a population <1000 were defined as living in rural areas regardless of their distance from the PD center. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with peritonitis. Results A total of 202 PD patients were followed during 791 patient-years (mean follow-up of 3.9 years per patient). Total patients had 335 episodes of peritonitis and the rate of peritonitis was 0.42 episodes per year (episodes/patient-year). Cox regression analysis revealed that living environment (urban vs . rural) was not a risk factor for peritonitis ( p = 0.57). Conclusions In Turkey, we report that living in a rural area in our region is not a risk factor for peritonitis. It is not the right approach for both the physician and the patient to be reluctant in the choice of PD due to the concern of peritonitis in rural areas.

Abstract. In this study, the effects of the addition of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) at different levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mL kg−1) to laying-hen rations on performance values, egg quality criteria, egg shelf life, some enzyme activity, and the fatty acid composition of yolks were investigated. In the study, 96 Lohman LSL laying hens at 64 weeks of age were used. The trial consisted of four groups, each containing 24 hens. Chickens were given feed and water ad libitum during the 8-week experiment. The first group was the control group and was fed with a basal diet, while the other groups were fed with feeds with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL kg−1 PSO added to the basal feed, respectively. The lowest feed consumption and the highest egg weight were determined in the 1 mL kg−1 PSO group. The highest feed conversion ratio, the lowest eggshell weight, and the shell-breaking strength were determined in the 0.5 mL kg−1 PSO group. It was determined that the egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the groups to which pomegranate seed oil was added was significantly lower than the control group on the 28th day of storage. The lowest glutation (GSH) and catalase values were found in the control group, and the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was found in the 1 mL kg−1 PSO group. It was determined that the addition of PSO to the diet significantly increased the rate of saturated fatty acids (SEFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) in yolk. The results showed that the addition of 1 mL kg−1 pomegranate seed oil to the feeds decreased feed consumption, increased egg weight, and positively affected the shelf life of the egg. In short, the addition of PSO had a positive effect on shelf life, and it increased punicic acid and CLA levels without reducing egg quality.

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