Aim:The aim of this study is to examine the effects of smoking addiction and physical activity on some of the respiratory functions in female university students. Methods:103 female students who did not have any health problems, who had an average age of 20,00 (years), average height of 163,6 (cm) and average weight of 55,88 (kg) participated in the study voluntarily. Female students who participated in the study were grouped according to their states of having smoking addiction (athlete, sedentary) and doing exercise (athlete, sedentary) and later some of the respiratory functions were measured. SPSS program was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained. Shapiro-wilk test was used to find out the normality distribution of the data. Kruskal Wallis test was used in the analysis of the data which were not normally distributed and Mann-Whitney U test was used in sub-groups. Results: FVC(Forced Vital Capasity), FEV1(Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second), FEV1(Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second )/FVC(Forced Vital Capasity), PEF(Peak Expiratory Flow), FEF25-75% (Forced Expiratory Flow at 25-75% ), VC(Vital Capacity) and MVV(Maximal Voluntary Ventilation) values of the female students who were engaged in sports were found to be significantly higher when compared with the groups which were not engaged in sports (p<0,05). Conclusion:In addition, in terms of the variable of smoking addiction, statistically significant difference was found between the FEV1, FEV1/FVC(%), PEF (L/s), FEF25-75% (L/s) and MVV values of the female student groups in favour of sedentary and athlete students who were not smokers.

Scale was developed by Allen (2011) and adapted to Turkish by Kafkas and Özen (2014) and personal information form including age, gender and department variable were applied to the participants. The data obtained in the study were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 statistical package program and the level of significance was taken as (p <0.05). The overall internal consistency of the scale was found to be 0.87. In the study, t-test was used for pairwise comparisons of parametric tests. In our study, no significant difference was found between gender variable and obesity awareness (p>.05). There was no significant difference between obesity awareness and department variable (p>.05). When the obesity awareness scores were examined, the average score of the students of the coaching department was average 62.23 meanwhile the teaching department students average score 62,91. It was found that both physical education teachers and coaching department students had high obesity awareness, but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of department and gender variables and obesity awareness.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of wrestling education on some physical and motoric parameters in high school students. 42 volunteer men aged 15-17, who received regular wrestling training, participated in the study. In the study, after all, subjects were divided into 3 groups according to age groups, body weight, height, BMI, claw, back, leg strength, 10 and 30 m sprint, flexibility, anaerobic power, fat percentage, and body circumference measurements were taken. SPSS 20.0 program was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained, the normality distribution of the data was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics, One Way ANOVA was used for normally distributed data and the level of significance was taken as p<0.05. When the findings were examined, there was a significant difference between the age variable and BMI, 30m sprint, anaerobic power, shoulder and chest circumference (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences in height, weight, claw, back, leg strength, 10 m sprint, flexibility, fat percentage, waist, hip and femur values (p>0.05). In conclusion, besides the effect of growth in the adolescent period in different age groups, it can be said that wrestling education has positive effects on BMI, 30 m sprint, anaerobic power, and some environmental measurements.

Öz Bu çalışmada, düzenli egzersiz yapan 15-17 yaş grubu kız öğrencilerin bazı karaciğer enzim aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya herhangi bir sağlık problemi bulunmayan, düzenli olarak spor yapan 17 kız ve fiziksel olarak aktif olmayan 19 kız olmak üzere toplamda 36 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcu ve sedanter gruplardan 5 cc venöz kan örneği alınmıştır. Alınan kan örnekleri uygun koşullarda 4000 rpm devirde 10 dakika santrifüj edilerek serum örnekleri elde edilmiştir. Serumların analizi otoanalizör cihazı tarafından fotometrik yöntemle yapılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 20.0 istatistik paket programı ile analiz edilmiş ve anlamlılık düzeyi (p<0.05) olarak alınmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Shapiro-Wilk testi ve bağımsız t testleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan sporcu grubun sedanter gruba göre, AST (Asparatat Amino Transferaz), ALT (Alanine Amino Transferase) ve LDH (Laktat Dehidrogenaz) serum düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve bu farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Ayrıca her iki grubun GGT (Gama Glutamil Transferaz) serum düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı saptanmıştır (p>0.05).Sonuç olarak; sporcu grubun sedanter gruba göre AST, ALT ve LDH serum düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Karaciğer enzimleri yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi, genetik, yaşam tarzı ve egzersiz gibi birçok faktörden etkilenir. Gruplar arasındaki bu farkın egzersiz ve hareketsiz yaşam biçiminden kaynaklandığı söylenebilir.

Background: The present study aims to examine the effect of estrogen level between volleyball player's and sedentary women' endometrial thickness with regular exercise. Materials and Methods: Seventeen athletes taking place in the 3 rd Turkish Women Volleyball League and 17 sedentary women participated in this study. The mean age of athletes was 20.70 ± 2.11 and sedentaries 21.70 ± 0.77 years has been identified. In the period between 10 and 11 days of their menstrual cycle, 2 cc venous blood was taken from the subjects. Data calculation was done using the SPSS 21 statistical package program. Descriptive statistics included the arithmetic averages of data and standard deviations (SD) and the error level of p < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: No statistically significant relation was found between the sports and sedentary women's mean age and BMI values (age: p = 0.076, BMI: p = 0.134 and p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups' estradiol and endometrial thicknesses (estradiol: p=0.01, endometrial thicknesses: p = 0.01 and p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that the average thickness of the endometrium and estrogen levels of athletes are lower than in sedentaries, and these results indicate that sports may have a preventive effect against uterine cancer and endometrial thickening.