PurposeThis study aimed to examine extended postoperative ileus and its risk factors in patients who have undergone abdominal surgery, and discuss the techniques of prevention and management thereof the light of related risk factors connected with our study.MethodsThis prospective study involved 103 patients who had undergone abdominal surgery. The effects of age, gender, diagnosis, surgical operation conducted, excessive small intestine manipulation, opioid analgesic usage time, and systemic inflammation on the time required for the restoration of intestinal motility were investigated. The parameters were investigated prospectively.ResultsRegarding the factors that affected the restoration of gastrointestinal motility, resection operation type, longer operation period, longer opioid analgesics use period, longer nasogastric catheter use period, and the presence of systemic inflammation were shown to retard bowel motility for 3 days or more.ConclusionOur study confirmed that unnecessary analgesics use in patients with pain tolerance with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive small bowel manipulation, prolonged nasogastric catheter use have a direct negative effect on gastrointestinal motility. Considering that an exact treatment for postoperative ileus has not yet been established, and in light of the risk factors mentioned above, we regard that prevention of postoperative ileus is the most effective way of coping with intestinal dysmotility.

Background and Objectives:Our aim is to investigate the anxiety status of the patient before elective cholecystectomy and to analyze the relation between the level of anxiety for a given operation type (laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy) and the corresponding demographic and social data.Methods:A total of 333 patients undergoing cholecystectomy due to cholelithiasis were included in the study; 218 patients (66.1%) received laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 115 patients (33.9%) were treated with open cholecystectomy. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was given to all patients to be completed. We evaluated levels of anxiety in 3 groups as follows: 0 to 15, low to mild anxiety; 16 to 25, moderate anxiety; 26 to 63, severe anxiety. The following patient information remained confidential and was recorded: age and sex, associated disease, civil status, educational status, having open/laparoscopic cholecystectomy, previous knowledge of the operation, job status, economic status, health insurance, and having a child in need of care.Results:The following criteria were determined: the most determinant factors in differentiating between the score groups were having a low level of education, being of the female sex, being single, and having laparoscopic operation; the factors of being a homemaker and over the age of 25 years were determined to have significant effects.Conclusions:When analyzing the results that may appear during the intraoperative and postoperative period, understanding preoperative anxiety, analyzing the risk factors in depth, and taking the necessary precautions are all considerations that need to be the primary objectives of operators who are involved with laparoscopic, endoscopic, and robotic surgery.

The purpose of the study was to assess whether it is possible to reduce the oxidative damage using antioxidant agents combined with hormone replacement therapy after menopause. In this prospective experimental study, 50 mature female Wistar albino rats weighing 270-310 g were used. Rats were divided into the following six groups: (1) Ovx group (n=7): the animals underwent bilateral ovariectomy. No drug was administered following bilateral ovariectomy. (2) Ovx+ E 2 group (n=7): bilateral ovariectomy+17β-estradiol (100 μg/kg/day); (3) Ovx+E 2 +MT5 group (n=7): bilateral ovariectomy+17β-estradiol (100 μg/kg/day)+mel-atonin (5 mg/kg/day); (4) Ovx+E 2 +MT20 group (n=7): bilateral ovariectomy+17β-estradiol (100 μg/kg/day)+ melatonin (20 mg/kg/day); (5) Ovx+E 2 +Dxp250 group (n = 7): bilateral ovariectomy + 17β-estradiol (100 μg/kg/day)+dexpanthenol (250 mg/kg/day); (6) Ovx+E 2 +Dxp500 group (n=7): bilateral ovariectomy + 17β-estradiol (100 μg/kg/day) + dexpanthenol (500 mg/kg/day), and the activity of these antioxidative enzymes and oxidative stress products were measured. Enzymatic activity levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase and levels of free radicals (malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide) were both analyzed. We observed an increase in the level of GSH activity, but no significant differences in levels of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px enzymatic activity and in levels of free radical MDA following 17β-estradiol or additional antioxidant treatment (melatonin or dexpanthenol). Despite the present study indicating that the addition of melatonin and dexpanthenol into the hormone replacement therapy regimen may contribute to the antioxidant effect of estrogen, the existence of limited data in this field indicates that further studies are warranted.

The aim of this study is to evaluate hysterectomy procedures performed for benign conditions in terms of indications and histopatho-logical results. Retrospective analysis of 32 hysterectomy cases, which were performed between January 2011 and Decem-ber 2012, was conducted to review indications and histo-pathological diagnoses. The most frequent indications for hysterectomy were abnormal uterine bleeding myoma uteri and endometrial hyperplasia, respectively. Other clinical indications were adenomyosis and uterine prolapse .The most common histopathological diagnoses reported for hysterectomy specimens were leiomyoma adenomyosis and endometrial hyperplasia respecti-vely. Endometrial polyp was diagnosed in specimens of patients. Endometrial atrophy was reported in patients. Cervical histopathology of hysterectomy materials revealed chronic cervicitis in of the patients. Due to the high coincidence of myoma uteri and endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial sampling should be performed in patients who are being considered for hysterectomy.

Although thyroid carcinoma has a good prognosis in young patients, one must stress that late diagnosis and ineffective treatment are the main criteria for poor prognosis and, most important, that it is advisable to keep the management of thyroid carcinoma on a path that differs from the management of adult thyroid carcinomas, in nearly all aspects from presentation to treatment.