Lignite coal (LC) is a key energy source for electricity generation in Turkey. During lignite burning, huge amounts of fly ash (FA), bottom ash and slag are produced as by-products which contain radionuclides in the natural radioactive series of uranium and thorium, and radioactive potassium. These radionuclides may lead to radiological exposure of workers and the public and cause environmental problems. Therefore, finding diverse uses for the by-products in the construction sector and earthwork applications has considerable economic and environmental importance. In this study, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in and radon emanating power (EP) and radon mass exhalation rate (EXRM) from LC, slag and FA obtained from the Kangal lignite-burning power plant with a power of 457 MWe were measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The major chemical components (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO and MgO) of fly ash samples were analysed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The annual effective doses received by workers and members of the public were estimated using different scenarios specified in Radiation protection 122. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in LC, slag and FA samples were 187±21, 16±1 and 99±9 Bq kg−1, 620±18, 41±2 and 330±13 Bq kg−1, and 937±30, 38±2 and 272±17 Bq kg−1, respectively. The average values of EP and EXRM of the lignite, slag and FA samples were 8 %, 7 % and 10 %, and 0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 Bq kg−1 h−1, respectively. The highest average of the total annual effective dose is estimated at 153 μSv for members of the public and 74 μSv for workers, lower than the recommended annual limit of 1000 μSv.
Coal-fired
thermal power plants remain one of the main sources of electricity
generation in Turkey. Combustion of coal creates coal ash and slag,
which are often stored in landfills located near residential and agricultural
fields, increasing the potential for high environmental contamination
and health risks. This study investigates the content and enrichment
factor (EF) of heavy metals in pulverized lignite coal and its combustion
residues from the Kangal lignite coal-fired thermal power plant situated
in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. The concentration of heavy
metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Zr, Cd, Hg, and
Pb) in lignite coal, slag, and fly ash samples were analyzed using
an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique. The concentration
of Fe is highest while Hg concentration is lowest in the samples.
The concentrations of heavy metals are higher in slag and fly ash
samples than in lignite coal. Average values of EF (related to Earth’s
crust average) revealed that extreme enrichment has been shown by
arsenic and mercury in lignite coal and fly ash samples while very
high enrichment has been shown in slag samples.
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