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Background: Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is characterized by calcium deposits within the seminiferous tubules and is associated with benign and malign conditions. Aim: To determine TM prevalence in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and its association with testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART). Patients and Methods: Scrotal ultrasound using a high-frequency linear transducer (12 MHz) was performed in 41 patients aged 12.1 ± 4.7 (range 3.5–23.3) years and 49 healthy similarly aged controls. TM was classified with respect to the number of microliths per ultrasound field as limited (LTM, <5 microliths) and classic (CTM, ≧ 5 microliths). CTM was graded as grade 1 (5–10 microliths), grade 2 (11–20 microliths), and grade 3 (>20 microliths). Results: TM was detected bilaterally in 9 (21.9%) patients and 2 (4.1%) control cases (1 bilateral, 1 unilateral). Four patients had LTM, one evaluated as grade 1, one as grade 2, and three as grade 3. There were 9 patients with TART. Four patients had TM and TART concomitantly. Conclusion: Because TM is frequently found in patients with CAH and may also exist concomitantly with TART, we recommend that these patients be followed annually by testicular ultrasound.

Impaired endothelial function in patients with pHT improves after successful parathyroid surgery. No compelling data are evident to suggest that eNOS4a/b polymorphism modifies the endothelial function in patients with pHT.

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Traumatic occlusion of the renal artery is a serious injury. Management differs according to the grade of injury. In most circumstances, emergency surgical revascularization or endovascular intervention is required. We describe the case of a child with multiorgan injuries and spasm of the main renal artery after blunt trauma simulating arterial occlusion or end-organ infarction.

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In otolaryngology practice, we see young children who have inserted a foreign body (FB), which is usually found at home, into their ears or nose. Uncommon complications of an ingested FB are penetration and migration into the neck. Interestingly, among such FBs, sharp fish bones are the most commonly observed in Turkey. In our patient, the FB caused deep neck infection because of FB reaction. In our patient, we could not find any clue of a FB during examination. We were able to see the FB by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Interestingly, the FB looked like a carotid sheath on the MR image.