Background Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) is a pathological description of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). It is characterized by renal failure and is associated with a grave prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with crescentic glomerulonephritis at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Method This retrospective study included patients with CrGN who underwent treatment at the nephrology department at KAUH from June 2021 to August 2022. We collected and analyzed data from 56 patients diagnosed with CrGN on the basis of renal biopsies between 2002 and 2015. Result The study included 17 cases of CrGN. The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 18.06 ± 13.49 years. The distribution of histological findings showed that cellular crescents (94.1%) and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) (76.5%) were the most commonly observed histological findings. The most common underlying etiology was lupus nephritis (41.2%). Regarding the lab results, the mean serum creatinine level at admission was 378.88 ± 273.27 μmol/L, proteinuria was 1.53 ± 1.23 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) level was 36.94 ± 45.08 mL/min. The factors associated with poor renal outcome were IFTA (P=0.01), phosphate level before discharge, serum creatinine level before and after discharge (P=0.032), and GFR level after discharge (P=0.001). Conclusion Crescentic glomerulonephritis is an important cause of acute kidney injury due to its potential to result in severe glomerular injury. In our study, 12 out of 17 patients experienced poor renal outcomes, which were associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early detection and treatment of CrGN is crucial in order to manage the disease.
Background: Fewer researches have been conducted on social phobia in the context of severe social inequality and poverty, as seen in most developing countries. In this study, we addressed the prevalence of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) among school students and teachers in Makkah city.Methodology: Using a standardized tool for investigating Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), an online survey was distributed among schools during September 2022. After data collection, an appropriate statistical analysis was implemented. Results: A total of 396 participants were enrolled in this survey.This study showed a high prevalence of SAD, while students showed a high prevalence rate of SAD compared with teachers. Moreover, moderate levels of SAD represent the highest frequency among other SAD intensities. A significant variation was found between participants with a previous positive history of SAD and mild SAD (P-value, 0.002). Similarly, participants with no history of SAD show significant variation with both ''No SAD'' and ''Mild SAD'' (P-value, 0.002). Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of SAD compared to other studies. Accordingly, we recommend more studies in Saudi Arabia.
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