Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. There have been only a limited number of reports regarding pituitary dysfunction associated with IVLBCL. We present a 71-year-old woman with hypopituitarism without any hypothalamic/pituitary abnormalities as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. She presented with edema, abducens palsy, and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Provocative testing showed that the peaks of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone were evoked to normal levels by simultaneous administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone, but the responses of these four pituitary hormones showed a delayed pattern. She was diagnosed with IVLBCL with cerebrospinal invasion by pathological findings of the bone marrow, skin, and cerebrospinal fluid. She achieved hematological remission after immunochemotherapy. Pituitary function was also restored without hormonal replacement, and the improvement of the pituitary function was confirmed by dynamic testing. We reviewed the literature with respect to hypopituitarism associated with IVLBCL. There were less than 20 case reports and most of the patients died. Endocrinological course was described in only two cases, and both of them required hormonal supplementation. To our knowledge, this is the first case of hypopituitarism induced by IVLBCL that was successfully managed by immunochemotherapy alone. This case suggests that early diagnosis and treatment of IVLBCL might improve anterior pituitary function and enable patients to avoid hormone replacement therapy.
Objective Endoscopic gallbladder stenting (EGBS) is an alternative treatment option for high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis. However, there are no reports focusing on EGBS in patients with concomitant unresectable cancer. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate EGBS in such patients. Methods Twenty-two consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis and unresectable cancer were enrolled between September 2010 and December 2014. Their median age was 74.5 years (range: 51-95). Thirteen patients were men and nine were women. The primary cancers of the patients were biliary tract cancer (9), pancreas cancer (9), lung cancer (2), gastric cancer (1), and colon cancer (1). The causes of cholecystitis were calculus cholecystitis (7), obstruction by malignant tumor (13), and obstruction by fully covered stent (2). Results EGBS was successfully performed in 17 patients (77.2%). The technical success rates for calculus cholecystitis, obstruction by malignant tumor, and obstruction by fully covered stent were 85.7% (6/7), 69.2% (9/13), and 100% (2/2), respectively. No complications were observed. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage was conducted on two patients in whom EGBS had failed and then we performed EGBS by a rendezvous approach. Of the 19 patients in whom we finally deployed EGBS, the median follow-up period was 229 days (range: 14-880 days). A recurrence of acute cholecystitis occurred in three (15.7%) patients 14, 130, and 440 days after EGBS placement. The rates of recurrence of cholecystitis at one and two years were 10.5% and 18.7%, respectively. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that EGBS is a safe and effective method for acute cholecystitis in patients with concomitant unresectable cancer.
The growth of aquaculture has caused an increase in environmental pollution due to the lack of treatment of the effluents generated by this industry (Ottinger et al., 2016; Max Troell et al., 2013).To accelerate production feeds with high levels of protein or low digestibility have been used excessively and improperly, in addition to fertilizers and antibiotics (Martínez-Córdova et al., 2009;Páez-Osuna, 2001). The white shrimp Penaeus vannamei represents the main marine species cultivated in the world and the expansion of its production is largely attributed to its disease resistance and growth rates compared to other species (Cock et al., 2009) and the
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