Abstract. Setiawan E, Muzaki FK, Nurhayati APD, Maulidina N. 2019. Record of shallow-water sponges in Simeulue Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3246-3257. The first and present study on shallow water sponges in Simeulue islands, Aceh Province, Indonesia recorded more than twenty species of marine sponges. This first assessment was also part of Ekpedisi Widya Nusantara X (E-WINN X) coastal chapter 2017 where was conducted in Simeulue islands, Aceh. Most of the recorded sponges are common species that are also recognized inhabiting a broad distribution in the West Indo-Pacific marine ecoregion. All recorded shallow-water sponges are Demospongian sponges. Among the three selected types of shallow water sponge habitats, a number of sponges are achieved mostly in shallow reefs in comparison to sandy and mangrove lagoons. The current study on species recorded also documents general characteristic enriches and highlights the importance of filling the gaps in distributional patterns of sponges on the west coast of Sumatra.
AbstractThe sponge species diversity recruited insitu macroscopic observation i.e, underwater photograph for sponges species diversity and spicula microscopic examination for sponges order group specimens have been conducted at Pecaron Bay Situbondo. Seventeen sponges species have been identified out of twenty species. The microscopic examination showed that the Diactinal oxea types were dominant in our 13 samples whereas the monoactinal oxea and style were represented only with 7 samples. Moreover, diactinal type of spicula can be used as an order group of sponges species at Pecaron bay Situbondo.
This research was done to explore bioactivity of Xylocarpus granatum's stem extract as tyrosinase inhibitor for alternative preventing black spot in Litopenaeus vannamei postharvest. In this research, extraction of bioactive compound from X. granatum stem was done by soaking the stem in 96% methanol for 24h at temperature 29°C. The methanol was evaporated by using rotary evaporator at temperature 50°C. The extract was dilute with distillate water at series of dilutions (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and distillate water as the control), and then immersing L. vannamei into X. granatum's stem extract as much as 10ml for 6h, and finally the data analyzing use the Kruskal Wallis test and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with the degree of confident 95%. The result showed that X. granatum's stem extract is able to prevent a black spot of L. vannamei after harvesting process. Furthermore, concentration of 10 % of extract is an effective concentration for preventing a black spot and the control has black spot 0.0360 -0.0373 mm 2 . Article history:Received 11 Pencegahan black spot secara fisik pada pasca panen yaitu cephalothorax udang dihilangkan sehingga menjadi udang head less. Cephalothorax udang telah diketahui mengandung polifenoloxidase, enzim tersebut mampu aktif pada kondisi optimumnya yaitu pH 6 dan suhu 45°C, aktifnya enzim tersebut mengakibatkan timbulnya black spot (Gimenez, 2004). Penghilangan kepala udang bertujuan untuk mengurangi jumlah dan aktivitas polifenoloxidase selama proses pasca panen (Benjakul, 2005).Pencegahan black spot secara kimia pada proses pasca panen yaitu penambahan asam askorbat pada udang sebagai antioksidan, perendaman udang ke dalam air es yang mengandung 100 ppm natrium bisulfit (NaHSO 3 )/sodium bisulfit, perendaman udang ke dalam air es yang mengandung 2 ppm metabisulfit/sodium metabisulfit 2 ppm selama 2 menit, serta pencucian udang dengan air yang mengandung klorin 1-10 ppm (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 1998).Sulfit (metabisulfit maupun bisulfit) merupakan bahan
Members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been well-known for their antagonistic activities against various bacterial pathogens infecting aquaculture species. Thus, isolation of LAB members from wild aquatic species and screening them for antimicrobial production have been intensively done in the last few decades to replace the indiscriminative use of antibiotics. The present study aimed at isolating LAB members from the intestinal tract of wild-caught catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and screening them for antimicrobial production against one of the most common bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ichtaluri. The result showed that a total of 29 LAB were successfully isolated and further screened for anti-edwarsiella activities. Of the 29, 6 isolates had strong anti-Edwardsiella activity (diameter of inhibition zone > 10mm). Based on their 16s rRNA gene sequences, these LABs were identified as Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus hirae, Weissella confusa, Weissella cibaria, and Enterococcus faecalis (2 isolates). Further in vitro studies indicated that E. faecalis, L. lactis, E. confusa and E. cibaria showed the same viability except for E. hirae in the intestinal fluid simulation. All LAB had a good adhesion capacity to intestinal mucus between 3,42 − 16,72%. Four LABs were sensitive to erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and novobiocin, while E. faecalis and W. cibaria were resistant to novobiocin and enrofloxacin, respectively. In vivo assay also indicated that all six LABs were non-pathogenic to catfish. These results suggested that E. faecalis, L. lactis, and W. confusa are potential probiotic candidates in aquaculture to prevent enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) disease. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the use of probiotics in vivo.
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