Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health problem in developing as well as developed nations. DM leads to many complications that are associated with higher morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the current study was planned to assess the prevalence and risk factors of type-2 DM in Ethiopian population. Six electronic databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, Web of science, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online were searched for studies published in English up December 30, 2020. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. The data was extracted by Microsoft excel and analyzed through Stata version 16 software. The random effect meta-regression analysis was computed at 95% CI to assess the pooled prevalence and risk factors of type-2 DM. Forty observational studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of DM in Ethiopia was 6.5% (95% CI (5.8, 7.3)). The sub-group analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of DM was found in Dire Dawa city administration (14%), and the lowest prevalence was observed in Tigray region (2%). The pooled prevalence of DM was higher (8%) in studies conducted in health facility. Factors like: Age ≥ 40 years ((Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.91 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.49)), Illiterate (AOR: 2.74 (95% CI: 1.18, 6.34)), Cigarette smoking (AOR: 1.97 (95% CI: 1.17, 3.32)), Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (AOR: 2.01 (95 CI: 1.46, 2.27)), family history of DM (AOR: 6.14 (95% CI: 2.80, 13.46)), history of hypertension (AOR: 3.00 (95% CI: 1.13, 7.95)) and physical inactivity (AOR: 5.79 (95% CI: 2.12, 15.77)) were significantly associated with type-2 DM in Ethiopian population. In this review, the prevalence of type-2 DM was high. Factors like: Older age, illiteracy, cigarette smoking, MBI ≥ 25, family history of DM, history of hypertension and physical inactivity were an identified risk factors of type-2 DM. Therefore, health education and promotion will be warranted. Further, large scale prospective studies will be recommended to address possible risk factors of type-2 DM in Ethiopian population.

Ethiopia is among the African countries with high maternal and child mortality rates, with a fastgrowing population. To prevent the fast growing population; availability, the stability of contraceptive method and identifying factors that affects the practice of modern contraceptives should be given a priority. Thus, this study aims to identify the practice of contraceptives focusing on women's empowerment and other gender-related factors among married women. Primary data were collected from 984 married women out of which 561 (57.01) were users of contraceptives in Amhara region. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric models such as multiple and multilevel logistic regressions. The results showed that; zone, the educational status of the couple, the age of women, discussing family planning issues with a partner, decisions about how each partner's income would be used, the income of women, wife beating and sexual response were significant factors in family planning. The multilevel analysis found that the variance of the random component related to the intercept term was found to be statistically significant, implying differences in the prevalence of family planning among the zone. It also found that the educational status of the couple, the age of the women, discussing family planning issues with a partner, decisions making in income earnings, the income of women, wife beating and sexual response were significant determinants of varying proportions of family planning.

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) defined: - low birth weight as a weight at birth less than 2500g. Adverse birth outcomes, low birth weight, and preterm birth, constitute an important danger to public health since they raise the likelihood of future diseases and developmental problems for children as well as fetal health status at birth. The study aimed to investigate propensity score methods for causal inference by removing selection bias from observational studies for adverse birth outcomes. Methods We analyzed quasi-experimental studies for the maternal and neonatal health outcome datasets, including adverse birth outcomes for allocated groups of mothers within the period of time from August 2019 to September 2020. We applied different propensity score algorithms, matching, inverse probability weighting, stratification and overlap weighting for covariate balance between midwives-led continuity care and shared model care for adverse birth outcomes. Results The result of the current investigation indicates that mothers who were provided midwife-led continuity (OR=0.48, 95% CI∶( 0.35, 0.894)) with inverse probability treatment weighting (OR=0.36, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.69)) had significant contribution for the improvement of advance birth outcomes. Conclusion Midwife-led continuity care of mothers had a significant enrollment for improving adverse birth outcomes of newborn babies and the propensity score has only controls for measured covariates, propensity score methods are the most recommended approach to adjust confounding and recover treatment effects.