No abstract

Pollution is the most important problems facing the human being at the present time. Air pollution is the most serious problem because of its direct relation to human health and other organisms. Dust samples were collected in some area of city of Kirkuk, depending on several factors such as traffic, industrial and urban activities and population density. The amount of dust deposited and some heavy metals such as Co, Cu, Pb and Fewere determined. The highest value of 148 g / m 2 was recorded for dust in the fifth region / Tergil in April and an average of 111.5 g / m 2 , while the lowest value of 8 g / m 2 was for the second region / Al-Mualmeendistrict. High values of the heavy elements especially iron and lead were in April due to dust storm that came into Iraq from neighbor countries and from traffic and industrial activity, especially cement factory as well as the lack of vegetation in the region. High levels of Cu, Co may have sources from Industrial activities, while the main source of Pb ismay be from traffic movement. The results of Geological accumulation factor (I-Geo factor) and contamination factor(CF) as well as pollution load factor PLI indicate the safety of the city of Kirkuk from air pollution by heavy metals with exception of Fe iron and Pb lead in the fifth region.

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This study was conducted on nine wells water within Kirkuk city for the period  1st July 2015 until 13th June 2016 to assess the electromagnetic field's effectiveness in groundwater purification, where the study focused on the design apparatus with different electromagnetic fields accomplished by exposing the water to electromagnetic fields while the water is passing through the device. Electromagnetic water treatment  process consists of  two phases , the first  by using different electromagnetic fields 1.4,1.7,1.9 Tesla with the stability of the water passage time 20 minutes through electromagnetic field and the second phase is consists of fixed electromagnetic field intensity 1.9 Tesla with change water retention time 5, 10, 20 minutes during the electromagnetic field. Study showed the effect of electromagnetic treatment on bacterial pollution indicators (total number of aerobic bacteria and total coliform bacteria) the number of bacteria colonies decreased at a rate of 90% at a field intensity  1.9 Tesla and to  93% at a retention time 20 minutes, as the coliform bacteria  decreased at a rate of 94% when field intensity 1.9 Tesla ,and [98thvd retention time 20 minutes

The Lesser Zap River is the main tributary of the Tigris and is used as a main source of drinking water in Kirkuk city through the General Kirkuk project. Water samples at 13 sites were analyzed for heavy metals (cobalt, lead, manganese, copper) and benzo(a)pyrene using 2 methods of analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits). Risk evaluation for benzo(a)pyrene and lead in water samples was accomplished by Monte Carlo simulation. The highest concentrations of B(a)P were recorded at sites S7 and S5, with levels of 0.192 and 0.122 µg L− 1 detected by HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The WHO guidelines for benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water recommend 0.0007 mg L (0.7 µg. L− 1), and none of the samples surpassed this level; moreover, B(a)P levels exceeded EPA standards in 2014 (0.01 ppb), particularly when the liquid-liquid extraction method with HPLC was used. Carcinogenic risks for human adults and children exist and are highest during the rainy season as compared with the carcinogenic risk during the dry season; risks for children exceed those of adults. This indicates that the 2nd round of sampling (winter season) harbors more carcinogenic risk than the 1st round of sampling (dry season).