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. Effects of hyperoxia on local and remote microcirculatory inflammatory response after splanchnic ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 285: H643-H652, 2003. First published April 24, 2003 10.1152/ajpheart.00900.2002-Splanchnic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes tissue hypoxia that triggers local and systemic microcirculatory inflammatory responses. We evaluated the effects of hyperoxia in I/R induced by 40-min superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion and 120-min reperfusion in four groups of rats: 1) control (anesthesia only), 2) sham operated (all surgical procedures without vascular occlusion; air ventilation), 3) SMA I/R and air, 4) SMA I/R and 100% oxygen ventilation started 10 min before reperfusion. Leukocyte rolling and adhesion in mesenteric microvessels, pulmonary microvascular blood flow velocity (BFV), and macromolecular (FITC-albumin) flux into lungs were monitored by intravital videomicroscopy. We also determined pulmonary leukocyte infiltration. SMA I/R caused marked decreases in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and blood flow to the splanchnic and hindquarters vascular beds and pulmonary BFV and shear rates, followed by extensive increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion and plugging of Ͼ50% of the mesenteric microvasculature. SMA I/R also caused marked increase in pulmonary sequestration of leukocytes and macromolecular leak with concomitant decrease in circulating leukocytes. Inhalation of 100% oxygen maintained MABP at significantly higher values (P Ͻ 0.001) but did not change regional blood flows. Oxygen therapy attenuated the increase in mesenteric leukocyte rolling and adherence (P Ͻ 0.0001) and maintained microvascular patency at values not significantly different from sham-operated animals. Hyperoxia also attenuated the decrease in pulmonary capillary BFV and shear rates, reduced leukocyte infiltration in the lungs (P Ͻ 0.001), and prevented the increase in pulmonary macromolecular leak (P Ͻ 0.001), maintaining it at values not different from sham-operated animals. The data suggest that beneficial effects of normobaric hyperoxia in splanchnic I/R are mediated by attenuation of both local and remote inflammatory microvascular responses. reperfusion injury; acute lung injury; reoxygenation injury; intravital videomicroscopy; multiorgan failure; systemic inflammatory response syndrome HYPOPERFUSION AND ISCHEMIA of the bowel is a common, important pathological process that affects adults and infants. In both groups the morbidity and mortality related to these processes are high. In adults, occlusive and nonocclusive conditions may reduce splanchnic blood flow (8,35

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Paracetamol was reported to be effective for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure. We present a case series of PDA closure by paracetamol in seven premature infants. During the treatment, paracetamol blood levels did not exceed the recommended levels for analgesia and hyperthermia in six tested infants. None of the patients demonstrated significant disturbances of liver function.

Aim-To examine the relation between grade III-IV periventricular/ intraventricular haemorrhage (PVH/IVH) and antenatal exposure to tocolytic treatment in very low birthweight (VLBW) premature infants. Study design-The study population consisted of 2794 infants from the Israel National VLBW Infant Database, of gestational age 24-32 weeks, who had a cranial ultrasound examination during the first 28 days of life. Infants of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension or those exposed to more than one tocolytic drug were excluded. Of the 2794 infants, 2013 (72%) had not been exposed to tocolysis and 781 (28%) had been exposed to a single tocolytic agent. To evaluate the eVect of tocolysis and confounding variables on grade III-IV PVH/IVH, the 2 test, univariate analysis, and a logistic regression model were used. Results-Of the 781 infants (28%) exposed to tocolysis, 341 (12.2%) were exposed to magnesium sulphate, 263 (9.4%) to ritodrine, and 177 (6.3%) to indomethacin. The overall incidence of grade III-IV PVH/IVH was 13.4%. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were related significantly and independently to grade III-IV PVH/IVH: no prenatal steroid treatment, low gestational age, one minute Apgar score 0-3, respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, mechanical ventilation, and pneumothorax. Infants exposed to ritodrine tocolysis (but not to the other tocolytic drugs) were at significantly lower risk of grade III-IV PVH/IVH after adjustment for other variables (odds ratio = 0.3; 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 0.6). Conclusion-This study suggests that antenatal exposure of VLBW infants to ritodrine tocolysis, in contrast with tocolysis induced by magnesium sulphate or indomethacin, was associated with a lower incidence of grade III-IV PVH/IVH. (Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001;85:F13-F17)

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