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Bone replacement is often required in veterinary clinics and hospitals routine, even because fractures, bone tumors or any orthopedic disease that entail in bone loss. In this sense, biomaterials capable of promoting this substitution, avoiding the use of bone grafts or transplants have been searched. The aim of this study was evaluated the osteoregenerative capacity of biomaterials in different compositions, implanted in sheep's tibia. Eight female, mongrel sheeps, 12 months old, weighting 28,5±7,4kg were obtained for this study. Three bone defects, 6mm each, in both tibias, a total of six bone defects, were produced, being four of them treated with four different types of biomaterials and two with autogenous bone grafts, as a control group. The biomaterials implanted were: hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP-β), hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate 60:40 (HA/TCP-β 60:40) and the nanocomposite hydroxyapatite and alumina (HA/Al 2 O 3 5%). The animals were allocated in two groups: Group 60 (n=04), in which the animals were euthanized sixty days after the implantation of the biomaterials and Group 90 (n=04), in which the animals were euthanized ninety days after the procedure. Were performed radiograph images on the preoperative period, immediate postoperative and at 30, 60 and 90 days of postoperative period, to excluded any previously disease or postoperative complications that could compromise this research. After euthanasia, the tibias were collected for macro and microscopic evaluation, which was accessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optic microscopy. The results suggest that HA, TCP-β and HA/TCP-β present a great osteoregenerative capacity. The last one seems to be better for a long-term outcome, due its best control in the solubilization and releasing of calcium and phosphates ions through the biological environment during bone formation. The nanocomposite HA/Al 2 O 3 5% didn't show a good response on this study, and we suggest new researches to better evaluate the potential and applicability of this new biomaterial. We concluded that HA, TCP-β and HA/TCP-β 60:40 presented excellent capacity of bone repair, and could be used as bone substituts; the association HA/TCP-β (60:40) is superior due his intermediary velocity of absortion comparing to HA and TCP-β isolated, providing adequate supporting to the neoformed tissue; the HA/Al 2 O 3 5% showed incompatibility, 1 Recebido em 26 de junho de 2014.Aceito para publicação em 21 de dezembro de 2014.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o protocolo de contenção química com cetamina S(+) e midazolam em bugios-ruivos, comparando o cálculo de doses pelo método convencional e o método de extrapolação alométrica. Foram utilizados 12 macacos bugios (Alouatta guariba clamitans) hígidos, com peso médio de 4,84±0,97kg, de ambos os sexos. Após jejum alimentar de 12 horas e hídrico de seis horas, realizou-se contenção física manual e aferiram-se os seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC), temperatura retal (TR), pressão arterial sistólica não invasiva (PANI) e valores de hemogasometria arterial. Posteriormente, os animais foram alocados em dois grupos: GC (Grupo Convencional, n=06), os quais receberam cetamina S(+) (5mg kg-1) e midazolam (0,5mg kg-1), pela via intramuscular, com doses calculadas pelo método convencional; e GA (Grupo Alometria, n=06), os quais receberam o mesmo protocolo, pela mesma via, utilizando-se as doses calculadas pelo método de extrapolação alométrica. Os parâmetros descritos foram mensurados novamente nos seguintes momentos: M5, M10, M20 e M30 (cinco, 10, 20 e 30 minutos após a administração dos fármacos, respectivamente). Também foram avaliados: qualidade de miorrelaxamento, reflexo podal e caudal, pinçamento interdigital, tempo para indução de decúbito, tempo hábil de sedação, qualidade de sedação, e tempo e qualidade de recuperação. O GA apresentou menor tempo para indução ao decúbito, maior grau e tempo de sedação, bem como redução significativa da FC e PANI de M5 até M30, quando comparado ao GC. Conclui-se que o grupo no qual o cálculo de dose foi realizado por meio da alometria (GA) apresentou melhor grau de relaxamento muscular e sedação, sem produzir depressão cardiorrespiratória significativa.

Methods shown in the study can be used in clinical cases to achieve therapeutic lidocaine levels without significant cardiovascular depression during isoflurane anesthesia.

Índice de mortalidade durante procedimentos anestésicos:estudo retrospectivo (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) Mortality rate during anesthesia: retrospective study (1996-2006) RESUMO (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) O objetivo deste estudo é reportar a incidência de óbitos anestésico-cirúrgicos durante um período de 11 anos

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(9):1125-1129, setembro 2013 1125 RESUMO.-A falta de protocolos de sedação seguros para uso em papagaios na literatura demonstra a necessidade de conhecer os anestésicos que são eficazes nestes animais. Devido a pouca massa muscular desta espécie, notou-se a necessidade de estudar outra via de administração, menos invasiva e dolorosa ao animal, como a via intranasal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos e a viabilidade da administração intranasal, em comparação à The lack of safe sedation protocols for use in parrots in the literature, demonstrate the need to know that the anesthetics are effective in these animals. Due to low muscle mass this bird, it was noted the need to consider other routes of administration, less invasive and painful to the animal, such as intranasal. The aim of this study was to evaluate sedative effects of intranasal administration compared to intramuscular 15mg.kg -1 of Ketamine and Midazolam 1mg.kg -1 . We used 14 parrots (Amazona aestiva and Amazona vinacea), adults, and mean weight of 388.5±29.1g. The animals were randomly into two groups: intramuscular (IM, n=7) and intranasal (IN, n=7). In group intramuscular, administration of anesthetics was performed in the pectoral muscles, using insulin syringes and intranasal group with a micropipette. We evaluated the latency period, duration, quality of sedation, and the total recovery time. The average for the period of latency in the IM group was 6.13±2.02 and IN group 4.84±2.37 minutes. As for the duration of sedation in the IM group was 35.81±29.56 and in IN group 24.52±14.83 minutes. Both pathways promoted adequate sedation, the mean score for the quality of sedation obtained by the IM group was 2±1.5 and 1.28±1.1 in the IN group. The total recovery time in the IM group was 27.04±11.69 and 17.67±11.64 minutes in the IN group. Although the IN group the lowest times of onset, duration and full recovery and have better scores on quality of sedation, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. The results of this study indicate that administration of ketamine (15mg.kg -1 ) and midazolam (1mg.kg -1 ) intranasal or intramuscular in parrots (Amazona aestiva/Amazona vinacea) produce adequate sedation for minor procedures, but the intranasal route could be an alternative less invasive when compared to intramuscular injection.

SummaryReasons for performing study: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyses the hydration/dehydration reaction of CO2 and increases the rate of Cl -and HCO3 -exchange between the erythrocytes and plasma. Therefore, chronic inhibition of CA has a potential to attenuate CO2 output and induce greater metabolic and respiratory acidosis in exercising horses. Objectives: To determine the effects of Carbonic anhydrase inhibition on CO2 output and ionic exchange between erythrocytes and plasma and their influence on acid-base balance in the pulmonary circulation (across the lung) in exercising horses with and without CA inhibition. Methods: Six horses were exercised to exhaustion on a treadmill without (Con) and with CA inhibition (AczTr). CA inhibition was achieved with administration of acetazolamide (10 mg/kg bwt t.i.d. for 3 days and 30 mg/kg bwt before exercise). Arterial, mixed venous blood and CO2 output were sampled at rest and during exercise. An integrated physicochemical systems approach was used to describe acid base changes. Results: AczTr decreased the duration of exercise by 45% (P<0.0001). During the transition from rest to exercise CO2 output was lower in AczTr (P<0.0001). Arterial PCO2 (P<0.0001; mean Ϯ s.e. 71 Ϯ 2 mmHg AczTr, 46 Ϯ 2 mmHg Con) was higher, whereas hydrogen ion (P = 0.01; 12.8 Ϯ 0.6 nEq/l AczTr, 15.5 Ϯ 0.6 nEq/l Con) and bicarbonate (P = 0.007; 5.5 Ϯ 0.7 mEq/l AczTr, 10.1 Ϯ 1.3 mEq/l Con) differences across the lung were lower in AczTr compared to Con. No difference was observed in weak electrolytes across the lung. Strong ion difference across the lung was lower in AczTr (P = 0.0003; 4.9 Ϯ 0.8 mEq AczTr, 7.5 Ϯ 1.2 mEq Con), which was affected by strong ion changes across the lung with exception of lactate. Conclusions: CO2 and chloride changes in erythrocytes across the lung seem to be the major contributors to acid-base and ions balance in pulmonary circulation in exercising horses.

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