Estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade têm sido utilizadas no estudo de caracteres de várias espécies de palmeiras, auxiliando na definição do número e período adequado de avaliações dos genótipos para maior eficiência dos programas de melhoramento. Para macaúba, não há relatos de estudos dessa natureza. Nesse contexto, faz-se importante a determinação do coeficiente de repetibilidade das seguintes características biométricas dos frutos: peso do fruto, volume do fruto, diâmetro equatorial do fruto, peso da amêndoa, volume da amêndoa, diâmetro da amêndoa e espessura do endocarpo; e a determinação do número mínimo de avaliações para um eficiente processo de seleção e avaliação de subamostras de macaúba. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, analisando-se 145 subamostras de macaúba, provenientes de coletas realizadas nos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Maranhão e Pernambuco. Houve diferença significativa para todas as características analisadas e observou-se concordância nas magnitudes dos coeficientes de repetibilidade de cada característica, obtidos pelos diferentes métodos. No entanto, os coeficientes de repetibilidade variam entre as oito características, de 0,68 a 0,99, observados para a característica espessura do endocarpo e volume da amêndoa, respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de determinação obtidas a partir das 10 repetições para as oito características e pelos quatro métodos foram superiores a 95%. A avaliação de quatro frutos é suficiente para compreensão das características estudadas das subamostras de macaúba com 90% de acurácia.
Changing hydrological processes and soil characteristics are of major environmental concern in surface mining. Runoff may be the best factor for determining the efficiency of rehabilitation after this type of mining, and needs more in-depth studies, but the environmental factors require more attention in order to control that runoff.The objective of this study was to compare the runoff during post-mining rehabilitation after the extraction of bauxite with that before mining, and to identify the factors that most affect it. Runoff from before the mining operations and during the rehabilitation after those operations were collected in seven plots in the area of a bauxite mine in southeastern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The physical-environmental and anthropic factors interfering with the runoff were characterized for both periods, and their results were submitted to principal component analysis to define the parameters, which most demand attention in the mining rehabilitation stage. This study provides the first records of runoff in the field in areas rehabilitated after surface mining in Brazil, where the runoff decreased (1.75-times or 42.79%) from 0.76 to 0.30% of the precipitation during rehabilitation, compared to the reference area.The total porosity, density, and resistance of the soil, associated with the maintenance of slope, surface roughness, and vegetation cover, are the factors demanding more attention during the rehabilitation stage of surface mining in order to minimize runoff.
PINTO, J.E.B.P.; SIQUEIRA, J.O.; BLANK, M.F.A. Fungos micorrízicos-arbusculares no desenvolvimento de mudas de helicônia e gérbera micropropagadas. Horticultura Brasileira,Brasília, v. 17, n. 1, p. 25-28, março 1999. Fungos micorrízicos-arbusculares no desenvolvimento de mudas de helicônia e gérbera micropropagadas. RESUMOPlântulas micropropagadas de helicônia (Heliconia sp) gérbera (Gerbera sp) de vaso, foram aclimatadas em substrato (torta de filtro 50%, solo 30% e areia 20%), inoculado com três espécies de fungo micorrízico (Glomus clarum Nicolson. & Schenck, Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann e Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall) e uma mistura destas espécies (inóculo múltiplo). As avaliações quanto ao desenvolvimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular e porcentagem de colonização, foram feitas aos 60 dias para gérbera e aos 90 dias para helicônia, após transplante. As duas espécies comportaram-se de modo diferente em resposta à micorrização. Glomus etunicatum não colonizou bem nenhuma das duas espécies estudadas. Apesar da elevada colonização, a helicônia não se beneficiou da inoculação, enquanto que a gérbera beneficiou-se da inoculação com G. clarum, G. etunicatum e do inóculo misto. Palavras-chave:Heliconia sp., Gerbera sp., micropropagação, aclimatação, micorrizas. ABSTRACT Application of arbuscular mycorrhiza to micropropagated heliconia and gerbera plants during acclimatization period.Heliconia (Heliconia sp.) and pot gerbera plantlets (Gerbera sp.) obtained by in vitro micropropagation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were inoculated with 3 vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) species and a mixture of three species. A control treatment without inoculation was also included. The plantlets were acclimated in a mixture of soil 30%, sand 20% and torta de filtro 50%. The fungal species were Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum and Gigaspora margarita. At 60 days for gerbera and 90 days for heliconia after the inoculation, fresh and dry matter of the aerial and root parts were determined, and the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization of the roots was obtained. Both species behaved different to mycorrhization. Glomus etunicatum did not show to be effective in colonization of heliconia and gerbera. Colonization was high, but heliconia did not benefit from this inoculation, however Gerbera was benefited by G. clarum, G. etunicatum and mixture inoculation.
The objective of this study was to monitor and compare runoff at 2.5 and 3.5 years of rehabilitation of a mined bauxite area with clonal planting of Eucalyptus. Seven plots were allocated for collecting runoff and precipitation was recorded with a pluviograph. The physical and environmental factors which interfere with runoff were characterized in both periods and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to show the most explanatory factors. The average monthly runoff percentage at 2.5 years was 0.25% (± 0.26%) of precipitation and equal (p-value<0.05) to the 3.5 years (0.15 ± 0.22%) of rehabilitation. Both values were lower than the Eucalyptus plantation area without mining (0.56%) in the same region and declivity. The high vegetation cover percentage by Eucalyptus crowns and Brachiaria sp. and the high infiltration rates were the determining factors in PCA, and may explain the statistically equal runoff values between the rehabilitation periods. The combination of good edaphic conditions and the fast coverage of the plants resulted in runoff below 1% in a rehabilitated area after bauxite mining.
ABSTRACT-The macaúba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) has a great production potential of oil and is an important alternative to diversify agricultural production. In view of the hypothesis that the species may provide a positive contribution to the hydrological processes in a watershed, we aimed to assess the influence of the number of leaves per macaúba plant on the correlation between stemflow and gross precipitation. We installed three rain gauges to monitor gross precipitation in an experimental area, and stemflow collectors on the stem of eight macaúba plants therein having 10, 13, 18, and 22 leaves. Linear regression equations were obtained, which enabled us to estimate the minimum rainfall volume required for the occurrence of stemflow. A strong positive linear correlation was observed between stemflow and gross precipitation, regardless of the number of leaves per plant. The morphological characteristics of the macaúba palm favor rainfall interception, relatively high stemflow values being shown even in young plants. The funnel-shaped crown enabled the conduction of large rainfall volumes to the stem, thus resulting in the occurrence of stemflow even with light precipitations.Keywords: Forest hydrology; Rainfall interception; Infiltration.INFLUÊNCIA DO NÚMERO DE FOLHAS DA PLANTA DE MACAÚBA Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. NA CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE ESCOAMENTO PELO TRONCO E A PRECIPITAÇÃO EM ABERTO RESUMO -Considerando o potencial produtivo da macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), sua importância como alternativa na diversificação da produção agrícola, e tendo como hipótese uma positiva contribuição nos processos hidrológicos de uma bacia hidrográfica, este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a influência do número de folhas da planta na correlação entre o escoamento pelo tronco (Et) e a precipitação em aberto (PA). Foram instalados três pluviômetros para o monitoramento da precipitação em aberto e coletores de escoamento pelo tronco no caule de oito plantas de macaúba com 10, 13, 18 e 22 folhas. Foram obtidas equações de regressão que permitem estimar a partir de qual volume de chuva o escoamento pelo tronco se torna presente. Foi observada forte correlação linear positiva entre a precipitação em aberto (PA) e o escoamento pelo tronco (Et), independente do número de folhas por planta. A macaúba, por suas características morfológicas, favorece a captação da água de chuva, apresentando volume 388Revista Árvore, Viçosa-MG, v.40, n.3, p.387-393, 2016 CORRÊA, J.B.L. et al.relativamente elevado de escoamento pelo tronco (Et) em plantas ainda jovens. Pode-se, também, afirmar que sua copa em formato de funil conduz maior volume de água para o caule, iniciando o escoamento pelo tronco a partir de pequenos eventos de chuva.Palavras-chave: Hidrologia florestal; Interceptação de chuva; Infiltração.
Several studies have been conducted aiming to explore the commercial potential of the macaúba palm. However, research on the hydrological processes of this crop are scarce. Thus, we aimed to quantify the surface runoff in a macaúba plantation subjected to different crop management techniques, from September 2012 toAugust 2013. We established 10 plots for surface runoff quantification; each plot had a 63-m² area, was delimited by metallic foils and had a gallon to collect runoff water at its outlet. Plots consisted of three treatments and three repetitions, plus one control plot, each having four macaúba plants. Treatments were as follows: treatment one (T1) - with no soil conservation technique being implemented; treatment two (T2) - with a narrow-base terrace 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep; treatment three (T3) - with bean being planted during the rainy months, forming vegetation strips; and control treatment (T0) - with no macaúba plants, with spontaneous vegetation growing throughout the entire plot and with no soil conservation technique being implemented. Surface runoff differed among treatments. T2 was the treatment with lowest runoff and also the one that demanded the highest precipitation volume for surface runoff to occur. Our results indicate that both the cover and the use of soil conservation techniques are closely related to surface runoff, which in turn affects the occurrence of erosion and infiltration.
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