<p>One of the longest marine bridges in the world will be in service this year. The total length is 48,5km including Main and Doha links. The construction was started on beginning of 2013, the inauguration is planned on November 2018. This bridge is named after the late Emir "Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah", in power between 1977 and 2006.</p><p>For this project, Systra has proposed and designed innovative solutions: (i) using whole prefabricated prestressed 60m spans, transported and installed by floating crane or by launching gantry, (ii) using pre-tensioning prestressing in both directions; longitudinally in the bottom slab and webs and transversally in the top slab, and (iii) using monopile system which reduces the impact on marine fauna and improves the safety and the construction schedule.</p>
<p>The Lille city metro, in north of France, was opened in 1983. It was the first automatic metro line in the world, with the VAL technology (Light Automatic Vehicle).</p><p>Thirty years later, it was decided to renovate the line but mainly to double its capacity, increasing train cars length from 26m to 52m. It is an important technical challenge, because modernization, renovation and civil works on the 13.5km of the line shall be done without any impact on metro traffic and station operation.</p><p>Three major difficulties had lot of influence on design and civil works. First, the design should be compatible with structural capacity of existing stations and reduced documentation available about them. Then, design, organization and construction schedule should be compatible with urban environment, and overall with the major criteria of no interruption of metro traffic and station operation during all years of works. At least, management of all interfaces between different packages of the project was complex.</p>
<p>Subiyah project design was implemented with long discussions due to standards limits. With 36 km of viaducts, all decisions had a significant impact on quantities and then on cost.</p><p>Project is based on 2.5 and 3.0 m monopiles and standards design requirements are not adapted for such diameters. Moreover, some additional project requirements, not addressed in most of the codes, made also the design more complex (service earthquake and imposed strength reduction factor). All those parameters led to complex discussions on earthquake design: R factor value, capacity design, seismic detailing, P-D effect, asynchroneous motion, seismic design of bearings.</p><p>The aim of this article is then to present all the previous inconsistencies of project standards for non-typical structures, all related discussions, and the numerous comparisons that have been done with Eurocode to explain and/or solve the problems.</p>
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