a b s t r a c tThis paper examines variations in social acceptability of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) prior to implementation. The influence of a number of factors, including socio-economic characteristics, perception of coral resources state of health and attitudes towards non-compliance with regulations are analysed. During May 2006, 640 questionnaires were distributed to school children around Reunion Island, Western Indian Ocean, for completion by their parents, following an informal educational activity made in school. From a 73% (n ¼ 469) response rate, results showed that 78% of participants were in favour of the MPA. Analysis further identified that those supportive of the MPA were generally from higher socio-professional categories, had a negative perception of the coral reef ecosystem's health and were not originally from Reunion. In contrast, locals (born in Reunion) from lower socio-professional categories or with no employment activity and having a positive perception of the health status of coral reefs offered no opinion on the MPA. Attitudes towards enforcement and compliance highlighted that SCUBA divers, fishers and jet skiers attributed a higher value to the protection of the coral reef environment through enforcement of MPA regulations than to their own use of the coral reef resource. When asked about the use of penalties to deter non-compliance, swimmers were awarded the lowest fines, followed by SCUBA divers, fishers then jet skiers being awarded the highest fines. Thus, the more severe the act of non-compliance by a resource user group was perceived to be, the more these users themselves disapproved of non-compliant behaviour and supported use of high penalties. The survey design through focusing on school children's parents, demonstrated a simple and cost-effective method for data collection while providing environmental education, which could be employed in similar case studies elsewhere.
Reçu le 4 février 2015-Accepté le 2 juillet 2015 Résumé-L'IRSN et le CEA ont développé respectivement les applications CODAC et CIRCEE pour l'évaluation des doses reçues par des travailleurs ou des personnes du public en cas d'accident de criticité. L'application CODAC est brièvement décrite et ses résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus avec l'application CIRCEE pour des configurations des deux installations nucléaires ATALANTE et MELOX du site de Marcoule (Gard). Les deux applications donnent des résultats du même ordre de grandeur-ratio CIRCEE/CODAC inférieur à 2-pour des protections de 40 ou 50 cm d'épaisseur de béton ordinaire, de 100 cm de magnétite, ou encore des protections mixtes de 20 cm de plomb avec 30 cm de béton ordinaire ou de 100 cm de béton à la colémanite avec 30 ou 50 cm de béton ordinaire. En revanche, le ratio CIRCEE/CODAC peut être supérieur à 2 pour une protection de 100 cm d'épaisseur de béton à la colémanite, voire supérieur à 10 dans le cas de protections mixtes de 100 cm d'épaisseur de magnétite avec 30 ou 50 cm de béton ordinaire. L'exercice de comparaison entre ces deux applications devra donc être poursuivi en approfondissant la méthodologie utilisée (composition des matériaux, découpage énergétique, etc.) et en élargissant la liste des configurations.
National audienceDéfinir une arène de concertation entre les acteurs et les y conduire pour qu’ils acceptent de s’impliquer dans le projet constitue une des principales pierres d’achoppement de tout processus de GIZC. Dans une île haute comme la Réunion, l’observation de la terre permet de révéler l’interface bassins versants / littoral et de créer ainsi une interface entre les décideurs du littoral récifal de l’île et ceux des bassins versants en amont, étape essentielle pour le succès pour la réserve naturelle marine qui vient d’être crée
Abstract. Over the last 20 years, the French public services' actions in the field of polluted areas have continuously evolved from the inventory of potentially polluted areas to the statement of a general framework on the management. Initially designed for chemical pollutants, main guidelines have been implemented for radioactive substances. The general framework is presented hereafter and illustrated with a real example.
CONTEXTIn the 90's, French administration developed a series of tools to set up an inventory of potentially polluted sites and to identify places requiring an immediate action. By early 2000s, such tools, initially designed for chemical pollution, were adapted to radioactive pollutants [1].Based on feedback gained over a decade, the revision of available tools was undertaken by the French Ministry of Ecology in 2006 to state a general framework on the management of polluted areas. Guidelines were published in a ministerial order in 2007, attesting public services' concerns and needs evolution from the establishment of the inventory of polluted sites and the selection of those requiring immediate actions to the definition of a methodology for their management [2].Considering radioactive pollution, France deals with sites inherited from nuclear research and development activities and the industry of radium or other radionuclides like tritium. For instance many working places associated with the storied history of Pierre and Marie Curie are still polluted by 226 Ra and progenies. Sites where former NORM and TENORM facilities were operated may also be considered as polluted area especially when residues were left over. The management of these areas has to be consistent with the general framework published by the ministry of Ecology in 2007.The French Institute for Radiological protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) was committed by the French Ministry of Ecology and the French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) to establish guidelines on the management of areas polluted by radioactive substances. Requirements were: i) to fit with the published rules highlighting specifics of radioactive pollutants; ii) to take benefit from former radioactive polluted areas management; iii) to precisely define remediation objectives and iv) to develop stakeholders involvement issues.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.