O Bacharelado em Engenharia de Petróleo da Universidade de São Paulo foi criado em 2002 para atender a demanda por mão-de-obra especializada para a indústria petrolífera. O curso possui uma carga horária significativa dedicada às disciplinas obrigatórias de Geociências. A Society of Petroleum Engineers em seu engajamento pela manutenção da boa formação de profissionais criou uma proposta curricular para os cursos de Bacharelado no ano de 2014. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar as disciplinas de Geociências presentes no curso da Universidade e compará-las com a proposta curricular da Society of Petroleum Engineers, analisando como a Universidade está se propondo a atender as demandas de formação geocientífica dos profissionais solicitadas pelo mercado. No trabalho foi possível concluir que a Universidade oferta um leque de disciplinas teórico-acadêmicas muito significativo, ao passo que a Society of Petroleum Engineers possui visão mais prática sobre o que o curso deve abordar.

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Three different processes for the synthetization of exfoliated graphite intercalation compound have been tested in two different type of graphite, one in powder form and the other one as flakes. Each graphite was oxidized applying the same experimental conditions (sonification, neutralization, filtering and drying) but using three different auxiliary oxidizers (H2O2, HNO3 and KClO3) previously mixed with H2SO4. The resulting synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Raman spectra analysis of the oxidized samples correspond to that of a graphene of few layers. Stronger delamination and exfoliation were observed in the samples of graphite, originally in powder form, treated with H2SO4/HNO3.

Graphene was obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite and metal/graphite electrodes of different compositions and electrical conductivities. Metal/graphite electrodes were prepared using high purity copper and nickel precursor and commercial graphite. Processes of rapid expansion and direct exfoliation of graphite in a H2SO4 solution were observed using voltages from 2V to 15V and currents of 0.03 mA to 0.08 mA. The total time for each process was one hour and the maximal concentration of few layers graphene flakes was 0.002 mg/mL. X rays powder diffraction of the expanded electrodes showed the effect of the electrochemical process in the crystallinity and the increasing of interlayer distance. A characterization of a large amount of graphene flakes was performed by Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Typical size of the flakes are between 1 μm and 10 μm and the Raman spectra indicate number of layers from single or bilayers to approximately ten layers. The greatest variations in thickness of flakes are observed when the intercalation process concludes before the expansion of the layers. A low degree of oxidation and of structural defects was characteristic of the experiments with lower acid concentration.

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Stable natural graphene occurs in graphite-and phyllosilicate-bearing low-grade metamorphic rocks. The present work simulates the process of geological formation of graphene using a piston-cylinder apparatus, promoting diffusion between talc and graphite at 700ºC and 900 MPa for a period of 24 h. The experimental products were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy for description of the microstructures formed between the mineral precursors. The talc-graphite diffusion zone was also analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Results indicate that graphite becomes progressively more deformed near the talc diffusion zone and eventually undergoes cleavage. Graphene becomes stable on the talc substrate in the center of diffusion zone. Therefore, the search for deposits of natural graphene and other nanomaterials in geological context is promising.

Este trabalho de revisão bibliográfica descreve a origem, os desdobramentos históricos e o panorama geral da Meteorítica. A humanidade possui contato com meteoritos desde a Pré-História, quando o conhecimento era associado a tradições culturais. A partir da observação sistemática de quedas, e da coleta de amostras, foram iniciados os estudos que possibilitaram constatar sua origem espacial. Com o avanço e o refinamento das técnicas de caracterização tornou-se possível explorar progressivamente a composição e estrutura dos meteoritos, permitindo inferir os processos de formação cósmica. A Meteorítica no Brasil se iniciou no século XVIII. O país possui mais de 70 meteoritos registrados, com alguns exemplares proeminentes, como o meteorito Angra dos Reis. Apresenta-se uma síntese da obra de alguns autores nacionais, como contribuição para difundir o conhecimento geocientífico.

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