Health (and its dialectical pair—illness) is determined by multiple factors: social class, educational background, income, occupation, and race/skin color. Racism can directly impact physical and psychological illnesses, with an effect on social conditions of health. This paper discusses: (1) racism as a root cause of health inequities in Brazil and elsewhere, and (2) how students at the University of Brasilia School of Medicine respond to an anti-racist curriculum. We emphasize that an environment of profound exchanges in the teaching–learning process, adopting anti-racism praxis as a competency in the medical curriculum, is a paradigm shift in medical education and future practice.

Durante o cenário pandêmico de COVID-19, múltiplas opções terapêuticas foram propostas e utilizadas rotineiramente na prática clínica, apesar do baixo nível de evidência clínica ou apenas por evidência préclínica. O racional do uso de anticoagulantes deriva de dados fisiopatológicos, epidemiológicos, clínicos e de autópsia -entretanto, o subgrupo de pacientes que se beneficiariam e a dosagem dos medicamentos tem sido incertos. Esta breve revisão pretende recapitular a relação entre a COVID-19 e a trombose e propor uma diretriz para responder a essas perguntas, baseada na evidência de até julho de 2021.

Liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and is commonly diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a tumor type that affects about 90% of patients. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and obesity are both risk factors for this disease. HCC initiation and progression are deeply linked with changes in the hepatic microenvironment, with cytokines playing key roles. The understanding of the pathogenic pathways that connect these disorders to liver cancer remains poor. However, the inflammasome-mediated cytokines associated with both diseases are central actors in liver cancer progression. The release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 during inflammasome activation leads to several detrimental effects on the liver microenvironment. Considering the critical crosstalk between obesity, NASH, and HCC, this review will present the connections of IL-1β and IL-18 from obesity-associated NASH with HCC and will discuss approaches to using these cytokines as therapeutic targets against HCC.