A large and growing variety of tools can support all kinds of UML modeling aspects: from model creation to advanced round-trip engineering of UML models and code.However, such tools aim at supporting specific life-cycle phases, but they often do not meet basic requirements arising in heterogeneous environments, UML education, early life-cycle phases, or agile processes: hassle-free tool deployment, support for fast model sketching, and flexible graphic export features. This paper presents the freely available modeling tool UMLet we designed to specifically address these basic issues. It is a flyweight Java application that can easily be deployed in various development environments; it features an intuitive and pop-up-free user interface, while still providing output to common high-quality publishing formats.Thus, the tool UMLet provides an effective way to teach UML and to create and share UML sketches, especially in agile environments and during early life-cycle phases. Its user interface supports intuitive and exploratory modeling, its architecture makes distribution and deployment cost-efficient in heterogeneous environments.
Fireflies exhibit a fascinating phenomenon of spon-menstrual periods [6], and people walking next to each other taneous synchronization that occurs in nature: at dawn, they on the street tend to walk in synchrony. gather on trees and synchronize progressively without relyingIn Section II, we look at experiments that have been made on a central entity. The present article' reviews this process . ' by looking at experiments that were made on fireflies and the ian order to comp rehend the synchronizaon mechanism. In mathematical model of Mirollo and Strogatz [1], which provides particular, we focus on experiments made on fireflies and key rules to obtaining a synchronized network in a decentralized how this affected their flashing instants, providing interesting manner. This model is then applied to wireless ad hoc networks. insights to compare nature with mathematical models. To properly apply this model with an accuracy limited only toIn biological systems distributed synchronization is comthe propagation delay, a novel synchronization scheme, which is derived from the original firefly synchronization principle, is monly mo singathe teory of coupl clors [7]. For presented, and simulation results are given.fireflies, an oscillator represents the internal clock dictating when to flash, and upon reception of a pulse from other I. INTRODUCTION oscillators, this clock is adjusted. Over time, synchronizationIn certain parts of South-East Asia alongside riverbanks, emerges, i.e. pulses of different oscillators are transmitted simultaneously. Synchronization in populations of coupled male fireflies gather on trees at dawn, and start emitting flashes sillatorsle withinield of cs.regularly. Over time synchronization emerges from a random A theoretical framework for the convergence to synchrony situation, which makes it seem as though the whole tree is flashing in perfect synchrony. This phenomenon [2] forms illy-meshed networ was p id in [1]. Ts model an amazing spectacle, and has intrigued scientists for several wil be prsentae in SchtionI and wil ssss hundred years. Over the years, two fundamental questions have otrdero been studied: Why do fireflies synchronize'? And how do they sYse. been studied: Why do fireflies synchronize?And how do theyThe Mirollo and Strogatz model of [1] has already been applied to wireless networks. One of the first papers toThe first question led to many discussions among biologists. apply the firefly synchronization model to wireless networks In all species of fireflies, emissions of light serves as a means w .'.'~~~~~~~~~was [8]. It utilized the characteristic pulse of Ultra-Wideof communication that helps female fireflies distinguish males Band (UWB) to emulate the synchronization process of pulseof its own species: the response of male fireflies to emissions coupled oscillators, and included more realistic effects such as from females is different in each species. However it is not channel attenuation and noise. clear why in certain species of fireflies, males synchronize.To lift the restri...
It has been suggested that achalasia is associated with extraoesophageal sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction. In a prospective study we applied conventional ultrasonography and duplex sonography to investigate basal and postprandial peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of superior mesenteric artery and PSV of portal vein in nine patients with achalasia and 10 healthy controls (study I). In addition, in eight of these patients autonomic nervous function was investigated by pupillary function tests as well as cardiovascular reflex tests and compared with eight age- and sex-matched controls (study II). The results indicated that postprandial increase of PSV in the superior mesenteric artery was significantly lower, and postprandial decrease of PI and RI significantly higher in achalasia compared to healthy controls. In contrast, postprandial increase of PSV in the portal vein was not significantly different between both groups. Autonomic function tests revealed significant lower maximal pupillary contraction and redilatation velocities, significantly lower heart rate variation during orthostasis, deep respiration test and Valsalva manoeuvre in achalasia compared to controls. It is concluded that achalasia is associated with extraoesophageal autonomic nervous dysfunction that involves cardiovascular and pupillary function as well as regulation of mesenteric arterial blood flow.
Remote Engineering is one of the future directions for advanced teleworking/e-working environments not only in engineering and science (economics, informatics), but also in all other fields affecting society. In the last decade, considerable advances have been made regarding the design and development of remote and virtual laboratories, but it requires a lot of new specialists. As an attempt to improve the situation, several European universities started a joint Master Study Program in Remote Engineering (MARE) including in its curriculum a course of "Rapid Prototyping of Digital Systems" designed by the Ilmenau University of Technology in Germany. This course required an extensive use of laboratory equipment to carry out several exercises and therefore the implementation of an Online Lab turned out to be a good solution to ensure better learning outcomes.Index Terms -Web-based Education, Web-based design tools, Innovative Software and Hardware Systems for Education and Training, Remote Control via Internet.
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