A survey of U.S. library managers explored the relationship between their social identities, experiences supervising others, support from others, and their overall satisfaction in their professional role. The literature provides evidence that demographic differences give rise to challenges in the workplace. Though no statistically significant differences were found between minority and nonminority managers related to supervisees' microaggressive behaviors, written commentary provided evidence of these and other supervision challenges. A regression analysis found that supervisees' behaviors along with a manager's age were significant predictors of their satisfaction as a supervisor. Recommendations for further research and implications for libraries emerge from these findings.
Part One of the bibliography is a list of Websites where information concerns laws and cases that greatly impacted African American lives in the nineteenth century. These laws are listed chronologically beginning at slave codes to Plessy v. Ferguson. The slave codes and fugitive slave laws were meant to control the possibility of slave rebellion. As the History Channel stated, black codes and the Jim Crow laws were meant to maintain white supremacy and Southern agricultural society. The Dred Scott decision declared African Americans were not citizens. Plessy made segregation the law of the land. Laws, such as the Civil Rights Acts and Voting Rights Act, demanded that the United States government honor the Constitution, particularly the Fourteenth Amendment-"all persons born or naturalized in the United States" are citizens and "… forbids states from denying any person life, liberty or property without due process of law" or "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." 1 Part Two lists Websites of laws that attempted to reserve the centuries of oppression. These laws illustrate the small gains African Americans made to obtain de facto freedom.-ARN Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) History Channel-http://www.history. com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson-summarized the details regarding Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). In this landmark case, Homer Plessy refused to sit in a separate railway car in Louisiana. He argued that his civil rights were violated. The seven majority panel believed that Plessy's civil rights were not violated if the accommodations were "separate, but equal." As a result, Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent of segregation in every aspect of African Americans' lives. WNET Indianapolis, Indiana PBS channel-http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/ stories_events_plessy.html-televised a series in 2002 titled the "Rise and Fall of Jim Crow." Under "About the Series" link described "Rise and Fall of Jim Crow" as a "landmark four-part series [that] explores segregation from the end of Civil War to the dawn of the modern Civil Rights movement." A Website was created to summarize the various aspects of the series. The Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), a United States Supreme Court case that created de jure of segregation, in spite of the Fourteenth Amendment.
African Americans fought in every United States conflict. For example, Crippus Attucks was shot in 1770 fighting against the British. In 1864, African American troops fought valiantly for the Union Army at Battle of Chaffin's Farm, Virginia. Fourteen African American soldiers receive a Medal of Honor due to their courage at this battle. 1 Unfortunately, these facts are not widely known. Just as unfortunate, many African American veterans are more likely to be incarcerated and homeless compared to their white counterparts. The following Websites provide information of the contributions of and resources for African American veterans who served in Vietnam.-ARN African-Americans in Combat-PBS-http://www.pbs.org/opb/ historydetectives/feature/african-americans-in-combat/-PBS aired a program on African Americans in Combat. This program details the history of African Americans in United States wars. Although the Website details the history of various United States wars and African American veterans' participation in them, the Vietnam War changed African Americans' involvement in the military. According to PBS, "the Vietnam War saw the highest proportion of African-Americans ever to serve in an American war. There was a marked turnaround from the attitude in previous wars that black men were not fit for combat-in the Vietnam War African Americans faced a much greater chance of being on the frontlines and consequently much higher casualty rate." African American Heroes-http://www.goarmy.com/black-history/ medal-of-honor.html-The Army of the United States military featured a Website in which it highlighted African Americans who received the Medal of Honor. GoArmy.com listed those servicemen who served and received the MOH from the Civil War to the Vietnam War. These campaigns include the Indian and Spanish American wars. Under each war, a MOH recipient's picture, rank, unit, citation for the circumstances in which the soldier received MOH and the significance of African Americans serving in the military is mentioned. national Association for Black veterans (nABvETS)-www. nabvets.org/index.php/about-nabvets/-provides information concerning military related health and homeless issues, as well as information for imprisoned African American veterans. The nABvET's mission states in part "the national Association for Black veterans, Inc. will provide strategic advocacy on behalf of its membership with Congress, the Federal Administration, state administrations and other agencies and organizations." NABVET.org includes articles of African American veterans and their struggles in and out of the military. The vietnam Center and Archive Celebrates Black History Month-http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/exhibits/blackhistorymonth/-One of Texas Tech University's archive focused on Vietnam veterans. In order to celebrate Black History Month, the Vietnam Center and Archive highlighted the contributions of African Americans in the Vietnam War. Some of the featured veterans are General Daniel "Chappie" James, who became the first African American ...
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