Between two and seven sera from cases of persistent detection of rubella-specific IgM for periods in excess of 2.5 months, but in the absence of recent primary rubella or rubella reinfection, were examined for rheumatoid factor, heterophile antibody, and IgM reactivity against toxoplasma and a number of viruses. The relative avidity of the rubella-specific IgG1 has been assessed in all the sera by two methods. None of the sera contained rheumatoid factor or heterophile antibody, nor did any contain detectable concentrations of IgM specific for any of the panel of antigens apart from five sera which contained low concentrations of IgM specific for some coxsackieviruses B. No sera were positive for low avidity specific IgG1 although three did give equivocal results with one avidity test and one gave equivocal results with the second avidity test.

Chlorpromazine, when incubated with isolated adrenal cells, inhibited the ACTH-stimulated formation of cGMP and corticosterone production. It also inhibited the ACTH-stimulated membrane guanylate cyclase, but did not affect the binding of ACTH to the membrane receptors. cGMP-induced steroidogenesis was not affected by the drug. These data indicate that chlorpromazine interferes with adrenal steroid metabolism at a site between the hormone receptor and guanylate cyclase and also show that guanylate cyclase is composed of separate receptor and catalytic components. Furthermore, based on the premise that chlorpromazine exerts its inhibitory action by blocking the binding of a calcium receptor protein, such as calmodulin, to the receptor-coupled guanylate cyclase, it is proposed that the interaction of calcium, presumably through a calcium-binding protein, is essential for ACTH-dependent guanylate cyclase.

Summary Quality of life is a key outcome that is not rigorously measured in obesity treatment research due to the lack of standardization of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and PRO measures (PROMs). The S.Q.O.T. initiative was founded to Standardize Quality of life measurement in Obesity Treatment. A first face‐to‐face, international, multidisciplinary consensus meeting was conducted to identify the key PROs and preferred PROMs for obesity treatment research. It comprised of 35 people living with obesity (PLWO) and healthcare providers (HCPs). Formal presentations, nominal group techniques, and modified Delphi exercises were used to develop consensus‐based recommendations. The following eight PROs were considered important: self‐esteem, physical health/functioning, mental/psychological health, social health, eating, stigma, body image, and excess skin. Self‐esteem was considered the most important PRO, particularly for PLWO, while physical health was perceived to be the most important among HCPs. For each PRO, one or more PROMs were selected, except for stigma. This consensus meeting was a first step toward standardizing PROs (what to measure) and PROMs (how to measure) in obesity treatment research. It provides an overview of the key PROs and a first selection of the PROMs that can be used to evaluate these PROs.

A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.

No abstract