Persistent rubella‐specific IgM reactivity in the absence of recent primary rubella and rubella reinfection

Thomas, H. I. J.; Morgan‐Capner, P.; Roberts, Audrey N.; Hesketh, Louise

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890360308

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…CMV [33] but also where infection is cleared e.g. rubella [34]. The high prevalence of rotavirus IgM seen in a previous study [19] was also explained by possible persistence of antibody although this was not apparent in other studies of infants [31] or adults [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Cox

Medley

2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYRotaviral associated disease of infants in the UK is seasonal and infection in adults not uncommon but the relationship between these has been little explored. Adult sera collected monthly for one year from routine hospital samples were screened for the presence of anti-group A rotavirus immunoglobulin M class antibodies as a marker of recent infection. Anti-rotavirus IgM was seen in all age groups throughout the year with little obvious seasonal variation in the distribution of antibody levels. IgM concentrations and the proportion seropositive above a threshold both increased with age with high concentrations consistently observed in the elderly. Results suggest either high infection rates of rotavirus in adults, irrespective of seasonal disease incidence in infants, IgM persistence or IgM cross-reactivity. These results support recent evidence of differences between infant and adult rotavirus epidemiology and highlight the need for more extensive surveys to investigate age and time related infection and transmission of rotavirus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Cox

Medley

2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Relative avidity studies are useful for the differentiation between cases of primary and past infection or reinfection/reactivation in several viral infections [13,14,16,17,19,26,28], and it was hoped that they might provide a means of identifying cases of recent HIV infection. We therefore examined the relative avidity of anti-gp41, anti-p24 and anti-p17 antibodies in sequential and cross-sectional sera from cases of well-defined recent HIV seroconversion and of anti-gp41 and anti-p24 antibodies in sera from cases who have been HIV for longer than a year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-gp41 avidity studies were carried out using an ELISA technique which expresses the avidity of antibodies under examination relative to the avidity of antibodies from cases of long-term immunity [16,17,19]. Behring Anti-HIV-1/-HIV-2 kits were adapted.…”

Section: Remote Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential maturation of avidity of IgG antibodies to gp41, p24 and p17 following infection with HIV-1

Thomas

Wilson²,

O’Toole

et al. 1996

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYWe have evaluated solid-phase ELISA IgG antibody avidity studies as a means of identifying cases of recent HIV-1 infection. Although separate studies on the avidity of anti-gp41 and anti-p24 antibodies in seroconvertors have been reported, a comparison of the ability of patients to simultaneously mature their immune response to more than one HIV antigen immediately following seroconversion appears to be lacking. We have demonstrated a maturation in anti-gp41 avidity which reflects the time since seroconversion in all cases. In contrast, however, only some patients produced high-avidity anti-p24 or anti-p17 antibodies during the same time span. While the avidity of anti-gp41 antibodies remained high in cases of non-recent HIV infection, even in the face of advanced disease, we have confirmed the findings of others that the avidity of anti-p24 falls before the onset of ARC or AIDS. Therefore, whilst the avidity of anti-gp41 antibodies could reliably be of value in identifying cases of recent HIV infection, the avidity of anti-p24 or anti-p17 antibodies could not, but may be of prognostic value, even at an early stage. The time taken to reach maximum anti-p17, anti-p24 and anti-gp41 titres was variable, but anti-gp41 titres, like anti-gp41 avidity, remained high. In contrast, anti-p24 titres fell, even during the early follow-up period in some seroconvertors. Anti-p24 antibody avidity, however, appeared to be a better predictor of disease progression in 'remote' cases than anti-p24 titre. The avidity and titres of these antibodies are presented in relation to the clinical details, p24 antigen status, CD4 and CD8 counts where these are known.Keywords anti-gp41 anti-p17 anti-p24 relative antibody avidity recent infection antibody titre

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“…This misinterpretation has important implications in the management of pregnancy (11). In countries where vaccination is recommended to women of child-bearing age, a positive RV-IgM result is mostly due to vaccination or to nonspecific stimulation of the immune system rather than to primary rubella virus infection (1,13,14). Unnecessary tests for RV-IgM may thus lead to problems in interpretation because the positive predictive value of RV-IgM is poor, especially in countries where disease incidence is low.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immune Response after Primary Rubella Virus Infection and after Vaccination

Vauloup‐Fellous

Grangeot-Keros

2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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We measured rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM levels, as well as IgG avidity indexes, in serum samples taken before or after 6 months either after infection or after vaccination. The results obtained indicate that humoral immune responses are different after primary infection and after vaccination. This may have important consequences on the serological diagnosis of rubella virus infection.

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Persistent rubella‐specific IgM reactivity in the absence of recent primary rubella and rubella reinfection

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Differential maturation of avidity of IgG antibodies to gp41, p24 and p17 following infection with HIV-1

Humoral Immune Response after Primary Rubella Virus Infection and after Vaccination

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