The atmospheric stability plays an important role in the accumulation of air pollutants and greatly influences their degradation, dispersion and deposition. These atmospheric qualities can be determined with various methods (Richardson number, Monin -Obukhov length, SRDT method) and the pollutant concentration increase demonstrates the atmospheric stability. In this study the cold periods were the most stable as well the PM 10 and CO pollutants had high concentrations. Between these two pollutants the correlation is high because their sources are the same: transport and biomass burning. The study of hourly averages highlighted the importance of traffic intensity since the concentration variation follows the traffic intensity. An increase in the wind speed in the basin results in the pollutants concentrations decrease, the negative correlation with the temperature indicating the importance of the photochemical processes.
This study presents the PM10 concentration, respiratory and cardiovascular disease hospital admissions evolution in the Ciuc basin for a period of 9 years (2008–2016), taking into consideration different meteorological conditions: boundary layer, lifting condensation level, temperature-humidity index, and wind chill equivalent chart index. The PM10 and hospital admissions evolution showed a very fluctuated hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly tendency. The PM10 concentration in winter (34.72 μg/m3) was 82% higher than the multiannual average (19.00 μg/m3), and almost three times higher than in summer (11.71 μg/m3). During the winter, PM10 concentration increased by an average of 9.36 μg/m3 due to the increased household heating. Climatological parameters have a demonstrable effect on the PM10 concentration variation. Children, the elderly and men are more sensitive to air pollution, the calculated relative risk for men was (RR = 1.45), and for women (RR = 1.37), respectively. A moderate correlation (0.51) was found between PM10 and pneumonia (P), while a relatively weak correlation (0.39) was demonstrated in the case of PM10 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Furthermore, except thermal humidity index (THI), strong negative correlations were observed between the multiannual monthly mean PM10 and the meteorological data. The PM10 followed a moderate negative correlation with the boundary layer (−0.61). In the case of URTI and P, the highest number of hospital admissions occurred with a 5 to 7-day lag, while the 10 μg/m3 PM10 increase resulted in a 2.04% and 8.28% morbidity increase. For lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular diseases (AMI, IHD, CCP), a maximum delay of 5-6 months was found. Three-month delay and an average growth of 1.51% was observed in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overall, these findings revealed that PM10 was and it is responsible for one-third of the diseases.
As ozone is a secondary polluting substance, its oxides of nitrogen (NOx) play a significant role as precursors. Their existence is influenced by climatological and meteorological parameters, as well as other air pollutants (SOA, VOC). At present, alongside with various meteorological parameters (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, sun intensity), other air pollutants (oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, benzene) and other physical phenomena (dry deposition, meteoric stability) mostly the indirect effects of relative air humidity was examined in relation with the evolution of tropospheric ozone concentration. Our aim was, to examine the closed experiment of Jia and Xu (2014) (smog chamber), under atmospheric conditions, according to which in the case of high relative humidity the formation of ozone falls if benzene and ethylbenzene are added. According to the results, relative humidity has an increasing effect on water radical reactions and the hydration of glyoxal, while the concentration of the ozone changes as a result. At the same time, it can be observed that the higher the value of relative humidity is, the higher are also the values of ONO2, benzene and CO, whereas the concentration of O3 decreases. The reactions caused by the relative humidity of the air and VOC concentration in the experiment of Jia and Xu (2014) produced relatively adversary demonstrations in natural environment, because the experiment had been carried out at room temperature, whereas temperature and other parameters are subject to constant change in the natural environment.
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