In Alzheimer's disease (AD), attention and executive dysfunction occur early in the disease. However, little is known about the relationship between these disorders and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This study investigated the relationship between BPSD and attention and execution functions. Twenty-five patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD were included. Neuropsychological tests, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Raven’s colored progressive materials (RCPM), and trail making test (TMT) were conducted for patients with dementia. The dementia behavior disturbance scale (DBD) was used for psychological and behavioral evaluations of patients with dementia. The AD group showed significantly lower MMSE, DBD, and TMT-B scores than the MCI group. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between DBD score, MMSE, and TMT-B.Conclusion: BPSD is associated with cognitive function severity in patients with MCI and early AD, suggesting that attentional and executive functions are independent risk factors for these neural substrates.
Purpose: Physical frailty may increase the risk of dementia, but it is not known exactly how cognition decreases. In this study, the features of recognition dysfunction in physical frailty were assessed. Method: The subjects were 46 elderly people aged 75 years or older ( M age = 83.2 ± 5.1 years) who visited community day care facilities between July 2018 and January 2020. The subjects were divided into a physical frailty group and a nonfrailty group, and physical performance and cognitive function were evaluated. Physical performance was measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, handgrip strength, lower leg circumference on both sides, and one-leg standing time. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, and the Trail Making Test (TMT) were used to assess cognitive function. Results: The subjects were diagnosed based on the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, in particular, Cardiovascular Health Study diagnostic items based on the Japanese version criteria. The physical frailty group included 10 subjects with an average age of 82.9 ± 4.0 years, and the nonfrailty group included 18 subjects with an average age of 83.4 ± 3.9 years. The physical frailty group showed significantly lower TUG and TMT compared with the nonfrailty group. There was also a significant correlation between TUG and Part B of the TMT in the physical frailty group (r = 0.735, p < .05). Conclusions: Executive function was lower in the physical frailty group, and the possibility of an effect on physical activity was suggested. Based on these results, evaluation of physical frailty can lead to more strategic prevention and treatment by combining physical performance evaluation with cognitive function tests including evaluation of executive function.
The verbal fluency task is a relatively simple task used for screening of dementia in several medical and healthcare settings. Recent advancements in neural function imaging have facilitated comprehensive investigation of the correlation between the brain activity part in task and cognitive functions.In the study of verbal fluency task, there have been numerous researches associated with the number of words recollected, but recently not only the number of words remembered but also the search strategy have been studied.This study aims to outline the characteristics of the verbal fluency task and the performance of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); it also aims to elucidate the efficacy and prospects of the verbal fluency task in the diagnosis of dementia.
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