Background: In general, bronchiolitis presents as a progressive viral respiratory illness in children younger than 2 years of age, most commonly between 2-6 months. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the clinical presentations of acute bronchiolitis in infants and young children and to evaluate the individual characteristics and environmental factors which can increase the risk of severe disease and hospitalization. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted in the department of Paediatrics, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital, Enayetpur, Sirajganj. A total of 70 patients were included in the study, who were admitted to the hospital with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis and were followed up in the Paediatric department during January, 2021 to December, 2021. Data collection was done by using a questionnaire form and by physical examination. The information for the questionnaire was provided by the childrens’ mothers. The SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: According to the results of the study, 39(55.7%) children were infants, aged between 2-6 months, 21(30.0%) were between 7-12 months and 10(14.3%) children of more than 12 months of age. Boys (47, 67.1%) were affected more commonly than girls (23, 32.9%) in a ratio of 2:1. Some 60 (85.7%) of the children had siblings and 46 (65.7%) children lived in crowded environment at home. Many (25, 35.7%) parents of the children were cigarette smokers and 37(52.9%) children were given formula feeds. There was previous history of hospitalization among 14(20.0%) cases and 5(7.1%) children were pre-term. The most common clinical presentations of bronchiolitis were cough among 61(87.1%) cases, wheeze in 56(80.0%), respiratory distress in 49(70.0%) and feeding difficulty in 28(40.0%) children. Conclusion: The risk factors for bronchiolitis were young age (2-6 months), presence of a sibling, a history of hospital admission, crowding and paternal smoking at home and formula feeding. The most common clinical presentations were cough, wheeze and respiratory distress. J Monno Med Coll June 2022;8(2): 48-52
Background: Pneumonia is one of the major causes of death in children younger than age five, especially in developing countries. Supplementation with zinc is effective in the treatment and prevention of childhood pneumonia. Objective: To assess the duration of hospitalization after zinc supplementation in childhood pneumonia. Materials and Methods: This randomized double blind controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet during the period from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2015. A total of 120 patients with severe pneumonia in hospitalized children fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled by systematic random sampling. Group allocation of Group-A and Group-B was done by lottery method each consisting of 60 and 60 patients. Identically small packets that contained 10mg zinc sulphate powder or 10 mg placebo powder were coded as A and B by guide. Results: Time for normalization of all parameters (clinical recovery) in placebo group and zinc group was 127.12±24.58 hours and 111.23±35.47 hours respectively which were statistically significant (p<0.05). All patients of both groups were discharged. The mean duration of hospital stay was found to be 6.78±0.42 days in placebo group and 5.42±0.81 days in zinc group. Mean duration of hospital stay was significantly less in zinc group in comparison to placebo (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation of zinc therapy in childhood pneumonia causes early clinical recovery and less duration of hospital stay in comparison to the non-zinc therapy group. Eastern Med Coll J. Jan 2023; 8 (1) 15-18
Background: Acute watery diarrhea still remains a major health problem among under 5 children worldwide. Apart from oral rehydration solution, continued feeding and oral zinc therapy the administration of adequate amounts of probiotics seems beneficial for acute diarrheal episodes in children in the developing world. Objective: To compare the efficacy of zinc-probiotic combination therapy versus zinc-only therapy in children with acute watery diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) conducted from July 2019 to June 2021 in the Department of Pediatrics, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital. Total 70 children aged 6 months to 5 years admitted in hospital with acute watery diarrhea (AWD) with severe dehydration or some dehydration with intractable vomiting were included in this study. Patients were equally divided into 2 groups. Group A received oral zinc sulfate 20 mg/day for 10 days combined with oral Bacillus clausii probiotic 4million spores/day for 5 days. Group B received only oral zinc sulfate at the same dosage as group A. We also studied the relationship between mother`s education, knowledge of ORS preparation and child’s feeding practices and nutritional status with the occurrence of diarrhea in children. Results: Frequency of diarrhoea was significantly higher in group B (Zinc only) in comparison to group A (Zinc and probiotic). Mean frequency of diarrhea, Mean duration of diarrhea and Mean length of hospital stay was significantly higher in group B (Zinc) than group A (Zinc+Probiotic). Conclusion: Compared to oral Zinc therapy only; the combination of oral zinc and probiotic therapy is clinically more effective in reducing the frequency of acute watery diarrhea in under 5 years children. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 218-222
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