En este artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente con intoxicación crónica por plomo, cuya principal manifestación clínica fue dolor abdominal. Esta es una intoxicación que generalmente se presenta en pacientes que están en contacto laboral con este metal. En este artículo se revisan las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes y el manejo de esta patología, ya que de no identificarse y tratarse de forma oportuna, cursa con una alta morbimortalidad.
Objectives
In the 2016 Peace Accord with the
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia
(FARC), Colombia promised to reincorporate 14,000 ex‐combatants into the healthcare system. However, FARC ex‐combatants have faced significant challenges in receiving healthcare, and little is known about physicians’ abilities to address this population's healthcare needs.
Methods
An electronic questionnaire sent to the Colombian Emergency Medicine professional society and teaching hospitals assessed physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and experiences with the FARC ex‐combatant reincorporation process.
Results
Among 53 participants, most were male (60.4%), and ∼25% were affected by the FARC conflict (22.6%). Overall knowledge of FARC reincorporation was low, with nearly two‐thirds of participants (61.6%) scoring in the lowest category. Attitudes around ex‐combatants showed low bias. Few physicians received training about reincorporation (7.5%), but 83% indicated they would like such training. Twenty‐two participants (41.5%) had identified a patient as an ex‐combatant in the healthcare setting. Higher knowledge scores were significantly correlated with training about reincorporation (r = 0.354, n = 53,
P
= 0.015), and experience identifying patients as ex‐combatants (r = 0.356, n = 47,
P
= 0.014).
Conclusion
Findings suggested high interest in training and low knowledge of the reincorporation process. Most physicians had low bias, frequent experiences with ex‐combatants, and cared for these patients when they self‐identify. The emergency department (ED) serves as an entrance into healthcare for this population and a potential setting for interventions to improve care delivery, especially those related to mental healthcare. Future studies could evaluate effects of care delivery following training on ex‐combatant healthcare reintegration.
Se trata de un caso de un adolescente remitido del municipio de Arauca-Arauca Colombia por un cuadro de hematuria macroscópica, equimosis y gingivorragia con antecedente de contacto previo con orugas de la familia Saturniidae. Presentaba prolongación de los tiempos de coagulación y disminución del fibrinógeno. El diagnóstico fue establecido por la anamnesis, las manifestaciones clínicas y los reportes de laboratorio. Las medidas terapéuticas tuvieron éxito. Las características fisiopatológicas y clínicas del accidente lonomico serán revisadas.
Introduction
Globally, medical students have demonstrated knowledge gaps in emergency care and acute stabilization. In Colombia, new graduates provide care for vulnerable populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) Basic Emergency Care (BEC) course trains frontline providers with limited resources in the management of acute illness and injury. While this course may serve medical students as adjunct to current curriculum, its utility in this learner group has not been investigated. This study performs a baseline assessment of knowledge and confidence in emergency management taught in the BEC amongst medical students in Colombia.
Methods
A validated, cross-sectional survey assessing knowledge and confidence of emergency care congruent with BEC content was electronically administered to graduating medical students across Colombia. Knowledge was evaluated via 15 multiple choice questions and confidence via 13 questions using 100 mm visual analog scales. Mean knowledge and confidence scores were compared across demographics, geography and prior training using Chi-Squared or one-way ANOVA analyses.
Results
Data were gathered from 468 graduating medical students at 36 institutions. The mean knowledge score was 59.9% ± 23% (95% CI 57.8–62.0%); the mean confidence score was 59.6 mm ±16.7 mm (95% CI 58.1–61.2). Increasing knowledge and confidence scores were associated with prior completion of emergency management training courses (p<0.0001).
Conclusion
Knowledge and confidence levels of emergency care management for graduating medical students across Colombia demonstrated room for additional, specialized training. Higher scores were seen in groups that had completed emergency care courses. Implementation of the BEC as an adjunct to current curriculum may serve a valuable addition.
El triaje permite la priorización de pacientes según su urgencia médica. Se propone realizar un modelo estadístico correlacionado con mortalidad para generación de alertas desde el triaje.
Una cohorte prospectiva de 6438 adultos que ingresaron a urgencias del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, del 01/03/2018 al 28/02/2019. Se dividieron aleatoriamente los datos en entrenamiento y prueba. Sobre los datos de entrenamiento se realizó una regresión logística bivariada entre triaje y mortalidad y luego una regresión logística multivariada, se redujo el modelo mediante pruebas de razón de verosimilitud. En los datos de prueba se realizaron áreas bajo la curva (AUC) para cálculo de punto de corte. Fue evaluado mediante medidas de asociación.
Se realizaron áreas bajo la curva para los modelos realizados, encontrando el modelo “triage” con de AUC 0.82, “reducido” una AUC 0.90 y “Edad+sistólica” una AUC 0.87, sin diferencia significativa. Se seleccionó “reducido” con una Sensibilidad 0.869, Especificidad 0.842, VPP: 0.062, VPN: 0.998
Para seleccionar punto de corte, se realizó un árbol de decisiones teniendo en cuenta las variables significativas encontrando mayor mortalidad en pacientes triage 1-2, con TAS menor de 117mmHg y mayores de 58 años.
El modelo final podría funcionar como tamización para generación de alarmas de mortalidad en triaje iguales.
Palabras Clave: Medicina de Urgencias, Servicios Médicos de Urgencia, Triaje, Mortalidad, Indicadores de Salud
The one-dimensional quantum Boltzmann equation in linear transport approximation was solved using the nonequilibrium Green's function method, and based on the lifetime approximation. As an example, the effect of interactions with electric fields were included, and the thermoelectric power coefficient (α) was evaluated, based on calculations of the statistical density current in a stationary regime over the nonequilibrium distribution function, and by the Green's function method. Results are compared in order to explore the advantages of each one, in evaluating the other kinetic transport coefficients.
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