Indonesian chili faces some problems in increasing production, added value, and competitiveness of chili products, mainly in terms of quantity, quality, and continuity. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the private and social profitability of chili farming, (2) to analyze the chili competitiveness from both competitive and comparative advantage perspectives, (3) to examine government policy impact on chili performance, and (4) to formulate strategies to encourage chili development in Indonesia. The results of the policy analysis matrix revealed that chili farming in Indonesia’s production centers is profitable, both privately and socially. It also has competitiveness, both competitive and comparative advantages. The highest competitiveness occurs in Bandung district, West Java, with a coefficient of private cost ratio (PCR) of 0.416 and a domestic resource cost ratio (DRCR) of 0.269. Meanwhile, the lowest competitiveness occurs in Tabalong district, South Kalimantan, with a PCR coefficient of 0.857 and a DRCR of 0.556. This study also concluded that for Indonesia, it is more profitable to increase domestic chili production than importing from abroad. Strategic policies for chili development can be implemented by using hybrid seeds, complete and balanced fertilization, improving irrigation infrastructure and farming roads, increasing the capacity of farmers’ resources, and expanding the objectives and market segments.

Fundamental issues in sustainable development of competitive potato production in Indonesia are production and distribution inefficiencies. This study aims to examine the potato production competitiveness through competitive and comparative analyses as well as evaluating the impacts of government policy on potato production. This study employs Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to analyse the cross-section data collected from six regencies in Indonesia. Potato production in Indonesia was profitable privately and socially. The highest value of competitive advantage was indicated by PCR value in the dry season in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province. The lowest values were found in Bandung Regency. Highest comparative advantage was revealed in Tanah Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, during the rainy season. Highest comparative advantage was found in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, in the dry season. However, the social profit was lower than the private profit indicating the potato farmers dealt with disincentives due to imperfect market. It implies that increasing domestic potato production will be more profitable rather than import. The policy makers need to evaluate the recent policies on input and output markets as well as the supply chain of potato to cope with imperfect markets in order to increase farmers’ income.

This study analyzes the factors that influence the buying intention of vegetables through e-commerce platforms in Jabodetabek through the variables of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, attitude and satisfaction, formulates managerial implications and marketing strategies to increase consumer repurchase intention. This study involved 153 respondents who were selected by convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed online. The analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with LISREL. The results showed that perceived ease of use had a significant effect on perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness and trust had a significant effect on attitude, attitude has a significant effect on satisfaction and satisfaction has a significant effect on repurchase intention. Managerial implications that can be carried out by vegetable entrepreneurs in e-commerce to increase repurchase intention are continuing to carry out strategies that can increase consumer trust and satisfaction.

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the flow of horticultural products from farmers to consumers. It causes the delivery of vegetables to be hampered, especially in Jabodetabek, which is the center of vegetable consumption. Therefore, a new marketing strategy is needed involving e-commerce to meet people's need for vegetables. This study discusses the buying behavior of vegetables through e-commerce in Jabodetabek and analyzes the role of e-commerce platforms to empower farmers in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with two data sources, primary data obtained from questionnaires filled out by 153 respondents and secondary data obtained from literature studies. The results showed that 50.33 percent of respondents prefer to shop for vegetables through e-commerce, and 51.63 percent think online vegetable shopping services are better than offline or conventional shopping. The majority of people choose to buy vegetables online through e-commerce because of concerns about the spread of the COVID-19 virus. However, vegetable purchasing behavior is still in the introduction stage. E-commerce plays a role in making it easier for people to get the needs of quality vegetables at competitive prices. Empowering farmers to produce high-quality products is very important in increasing consumer repurchase intentions and improving the welfare of farmers in Indonesia.

Vegetable e-commerce is a vegetable shopping tool that provides convenience and comfort, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. People do not need to leave their homes to meet their needs so they can avoid exposure to the Covid-19 virus. This study aims to determine the behavior of using e-commerce vegetables in Jabodetabek through perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitudes, formulate managerial implications and marketing strategies to increase consumers repurchase intentions. This study uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) test with LISREL. The results showed that perceived usefulness and attitude were significantly influenced by perceived ease of use; perceived benefits have no significant effect on repurchase intention, but perceived benefits have a significant effect on attitudes; and consumers' intention to make repeat purchases are directly influenced by attitudes. The managerial implication that vegetable entrepreneurs can do is to continue implementing strategies that can increase positive attitudes toward consumers so that vegetable e-commerce is easier to use and provides benefits according to consumer expectations. The 4C approach (co-creation, currency, communal activation, and conversation) can be applied to develop positive consumer attitudes.