The US banking system has just emerged from a troublesome period with many institutions struggling for survival. We examine large commercial banks during the latter part of the 1980s to determine what factors affected bank profitability, using both cross-section and pooled time-series cross-section regressions. Our conclusions are that large banks experienced poor performance because of a declining quality of the loan portfolio. Real estate loans generally have a negative effect on large bank profitability, although not at high levels of significance; construction and land development loans, the exception, have a strong positive effect.
This article investigates the capital structure determination of firms listed on the Athens Stock Exchange, using both cross-sectional and nonparametric statistics. The data set is mainly composed of balance sheet data for 259 firms over a 9-year period from 1998 to 2006, excluding firms from the banking, finance, real estate and insurance sectors. The first part of the study assesses the extent to which leverage depends upon a broader set of capital structure determinants, while the latter provides evidence that capital structure varies significantly across a series of firm classifications. The results document empirical regularities with respect to alternative measures of debt that are consistent with existing theories and, in particular, reasonably support the pecking order hypothesis. Overall, this study tries to shed more light on corporate financing behaviour in a way to loosen the capital structure puzzle.
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