In the crystal networks of N,N'-bis(2-chlorobenzyl)-N''-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)phosphoric triamide, C(21)H(18)Cl(2)F(2)N(3)O(2)P, (I), N-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-N',N''-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)phosphoric triamide, C(23)H(24)F(2)N(3)O(4)P, (II), and N-(2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetyl)-N',N''-bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphoric triamide, C(16)H(17)ClF(2)N(3)O(2)P, (III), C=O···H-N(C(O)NHP(O)) and P=O···H-N(amide) hydrogen bonds are responsible for the aggregation of the molecules. This is the opposite result from that commonly observed for carbacylamidophosphates, which show a tendency for the phosphoryl group, rather than the carbonyl counterpart, to form hydrogen bonds with the NH group of the C(O)NHP(O) skeleton. This hydrogen-bond pattern leads to cyclic R(2)(2)(10) motifs in (I)-(III), different from those found for all previously reported compounds of the general formula RC(O)NHP(O)[NR(1)R(2)](2) with the syn orientation of P=O versus NH [R(2)(2)(8)], and also from those commonly observed for RC(O)NHP(O)[NHR(1)](2) [a sequence of alternate R(2)(2)(8) and R(2)(2)(12) motifs]. In these cases, the R(2)(2)(8) and R(2)(2)(12) graph sets are formed through similar kinds of hydrogen bond, i.e. a pair of P=O···H-N(C(O)NHP(O)) hydrogen bonds for the former and two C=O···H-N(amide) hydrogen bonds for the latter. This article also reviews 102 similar structures deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database and with the International Union of Crystallography, with the aim of comparing hydrogen-bond strengths in the above-mentioned cyclic motifs. This analysis shows that the strongest N-H···O hydrogen bonds exist in the R(2)(2)(8) rings of some molecules. The phosphoryl and carbonyl groups in each of compounds (I)-(III) are anti with respect to each other and the P atoms are in a tetrahedral coordination environment. In the crystal structures, adjacent molecules are linked via the above-mentioned hydrogen bonds in a linear arrangement, parallel to [010] for (I) and (III) and parallel to [100] for (II). Formation of the N(C(O)NHP(O))-H···O=C instead of the N(C(O)NHP(O))-H···O=P hydrogen bond is reflected in the higher N(C(O)NHP(O))-H vibrational frequencies for these molecules compared with previously reported analogous compounds.

Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional fingerprint plots are used to visualize and analyze intermolecular interactions in six new phosphoramidate structures, [2,6-F2-C6H3C(O)NH]P(O)[X]2 {X = N(C2H5)2 (1), [X]2 = NHCH2C(CH3)2CH2NH and with one CH3OH solvated molecule (2)}, [C6H5O]2P(O)Y [Y = NC4H8O (3), NHC6H4(3-Br) (4)] and [Z]2P(O)OP(O)[Z]2 [Z = N(CH3)(CH2C6H5) (5), NHC6H4(4-CH3) (6)]. Study of the short intermolecular contacts in structures (1)-(6) by Hirshfeld surfaces demonstrate that the O atom of P=O is a better H-atom acceptor than the O atom of C=O for (1) and (2), and also relative to the O atom of the C6H5O group for (3) and (4), and relative to the bridge O atom of the P(O)OP(O) segment for (5) and (6). The results confirm that the crystal packing is related to the kind of substituent linked to the P atom. Compounds (1), (2), (4) and (6), with characteristic N-H···O hydrogen bonds, show a pair of intense spikes (including the intermolecular H···O contacts) in the fingerprint plots, summarizing the major features of each structure in the related two-dimensional plot. For (3) and (5), without any N-H unit, the two short spikes are observed for (3) but are absent for (5). The upper d(e) and d(i) values (distances to the Hirshfeld surfaces for the nearest atoms outside and inside) in the fingerprint plots are more compact in (3) than in (4), and in (5) than in (6), reflecting the more efficient packing in (3) and (5). The tertiary N atoms of (3) and (5) do not take part in any intermolecular contacts involving H atoms. Moreover, structures (3)-(6) show greater contribution from C···H contacts relative to O···H contacts. Finally, Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots are employed for a comparison of the two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of (1) and also, for a comparison of (6), in the orthorhombic crystal system, with the previously reported monoclinic polymorph (Pourayoubi, Fadaei et al., 2012).

Different orientations of P(O) versus C(O) in P(O)NHC(O) skeleton have been discussed in two new phosphorus(V)-nitrogen compounds with formula XP(O)Y and XP(O)Z 2 where X = NHC(O)C 6 H 4 (4-F) and Y = NHCH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 NH (1), Z = NHC 6 H 4 (4-CH 3 ) (2). Compound 1 is the first example of an aliphatic diazaphosphorinane with a gauche orientation which has been studied by X-ray crystallography; the P=O bond is in the equatorial position of the ring. Both compounds show n J(F,C) and m J(F,H) coupling constants (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4; m = 3 and 4) and 3 J(P,C) [ 2 J(P,C). Quantum chemical calculations were performed with HF and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods using 6-31?G(d,p) basis set. A tentative assignment of the observed vibrational bands for these molecules is discussed. Compound 1 shows a deshielded C atom of the carbonyl moiety (in 13 C NMR spectrum) relative to that of 2, which is supported by IR spectroscopy in which the considerably lower C=O frequency is observed for 1. Comparing the X-ray crystallography and IR spectra of 1 and 2 shows that the acyclic compound 2, containing P=O and C=O bonds in an anti position, are involving in a stronger N-HÁÁÁO=P hydrogen bond in crystal network. This leads to a weaker P=O and N C(O)NHP(O) -H bonds and stronger NÁÁÁO interaction. The N amide -H is involved in an intramolecular N-HÁÁÁO hydrogen bond.

In N,N'-di-tert-butyl-N'',N''-dimethylphosphoric triamide, C(10)H(26)N(3)OP, (I), and N,N',N'',N'''-tetra-tert-butyl[oxybis(phosphonic diamide), [corrected] C(16)H(40)N(4)O(3)P(2), (II), the extended structures are mediated by P(O)...(H-N)(2) interactions. The asymmetric unit of (I) consists of six independent molecules which aggregate through P(O)...(H-N)(2) hydrogen bonds, giving R(2)(1)(6) loops and forming two independent chains parallel to the a axis. Of the 12 independent tert-butyl groups, five are disordered over two different positions with occupancies ranging from 1/6 to 5/6. In the structure of (II), the asymmetric unit contains one molecule. P(O)...(H-N)(2) hydrogen bonds give S(6) and R(2)(2)(8) rings, and the molecules form extended chains parallel to the c axis. The structures of (I) and (II), along with similar structures having (N)P(O)(NH)(2) and (NH)(2)P(O)(O)P(O)(NH)(2) skeletons extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database, are used to compare hydrogen-bond patterns in these families of phosphoramidates. The strengths of P(O)[...H-N](x) (x = 1, 2 or 3) hydrogen bonds are also analysed, using these compounds and previously reported structures with (N)(2)P(O)(NH) and P(O)(NH)(3) fragments.

Structural and packing features of three new amidophosphoric acid esters having a common part XP(O)[OCH2C(CH3)2CH2O], with X = [(CH3)3CNH] (1), [(CH3)2HCNH] (2) and [C6H11(CH3)N] (3), are investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results illustrate that the compounds 1 and 3 crystallize with one independent molecule in the asymmetric unit; whereas, for 2, the compound crystallizes with three independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structures are mostly stabilized via tri-furcated hydrogen bond interactions (C–H · · ·)2(N–H · · ·)O=P in 1 and (C–H · · ·)3O=P in 3, while the stability is given by bi-furcated hydrogen bond interactions (C–H · · ·)(N–H · · ·)O=P in 2. For a better understanding of the nature, strength and energetics associated with the formation of the quoted multi-center hydrogen bond interactions, the Natural Bond Order (NBO) method from Density Functional Theory (DFT) and a topological analysis by means of Atoms In Molecules (AIM) and Hirshfeld surface procedures were performed. These studies reveal that the studied multi-center hydrogen bond interactions of the type O · · · H are favoured in the crystal packing displaying enrichment ratios larger than unity. The detailed nature of the different interactions in these multi-center interactions is studied for the first time in such compounds. It is shown that the N–H · · · O interaction is rather non-covalent closed-shell whereas the C–H · · · O interaction is more van der Waals closed-shell. Stronger hydrogen bond interactions are observed for a lower multiple H-atom acceptor oxygen in three-center hydrogen bond interactions (C–H · · ·)(N–H · · ·)O=P of 2 than for four-center interactions in 1 [i.e. (C–H · · ·)2(N–H · · ·)O=P] and 3 [i.e. (C–H · · ·)3O=P]. The better H-atom acceptability of the O atom of P=O compared with the esteric O atom is explained by the richer s-character of the hybrid orbital of the O atom acceptor of P=O coupled with enhance of the polarization and charge. The obtained results are also confirmed by Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP).