This study included laboratory ovulation of the effect of alcoholic(ethanol) extract of Teucrium polium, Peganum harmala,Thymus vulgaris and Physalis angulata. It was values LC50 (102.5,101.0,78.0 and 53.0 ppm) and LC90(130.0,128.0,136.0 and 80.0 ppm) for Teucrium polium,Peganum harmala,Thymus vulgaris and Physalis angulata respectively at 24 hrs. of exposure time. It was found that extract the Physalis angulata were more effective as larvicides at 24 hrs. exposure time with LC50: 53.0 ppm for On the other side, the LC90 for the previous plants at the same exposure time were 80.0 pmm. Also, the sublarvicidal effect of the studed plant extracts at LC25 had been illustrated through histopathological effect on midgut. These effects were respectively by alimentary tract curling as body reflex, separation of epithelial columnar cell layer and separation of external muscular mucosa. Erosion of the Peritrophic membrane causing microvilli disappearing.
Todays, insects as adults and immaturs are in focusing of researching new pharmaceutical compounds. Especially, those under habit and habitat stressors. However, insect body extracts have antibacterial activity to current antibiotic resistant bacteria. After the extraction by sequential solvent method, bacterial growth inhibition of dry bodies the insects: grass hopper, Ailolopus thaiossinus, larvae of paper wasp, Polistes watti and standard antibiotic drug Ceftriaxone (CRO) as positive control against the following bacteria species: Gram -positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram -negatives; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae have been tested. Antibacterial parameter was tested by disc diffusion test. Only E. coli and K. pneumoniae were sensitive to hexane extract with A. thaiossinus and P. watti larvae respectively. The two extracts with diethyl ether were exhibited moderate growth inhibition of the tested bacteria except for P. aeruginosa resistant to larvae P. watti extract. Extracts with ethyl acetate were varied between moderate to resistant activity, Later, methanol extract of the tested insect materals were more effective than the standard drug (CRO) for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. The boiled methanol extract of A. thaiossinus more effective than ones of larvae P. watti and cold extract of A. thaiossinus. In alternative antibiotics, this study as bricks in this field, through practical application the antibacterial compounds as templates for future antibiotic generation.
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The enriched methanolic extracts of seeds of Melia azedarach and leaves of Ailanthus altissima have had the same effect on the valves of the cardiac sphinector of Agrotis ipsilon larvae. At the low concentrations, the sphinector was expanded, and the valves degenerated at the high concentrations. M. azedarach extract was separated the peritrophic membrane and muscles of the midgut, while the extract of A. altissima was thicked the peritrophic membrane only. The application of extracts were effected on developed pupae and adults of treated larvae, this effect was represented by failure of adults emergence and degrees of wings malformations. Also, the extracts were significantly reduced the weight of A. ipsilon larvae fed on treated diets. For treated larvae, Lc 50 of black cutworm larvae were 2.5 and 3.5 ppm for M. azedarach and A. altissima respectively.
The bioinsecticidal properties of three plants, Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk) She. Bip., Arnebia decumbens L. and Juglans regia L. were tested as larvicides and pupicides on the mosquito, Culex pipiens molestus Forsakl. All the applied extracts caused 100% mortality for the second and last instars after 24 and 48 hr. of exposure time. Pupal mortality was 100% at the concentration, 500 ppm, of A. fragrantissma and 600 ppm at both A. decumbens and J. regia at the two exposure times. The Lc 50 values after 24 and 48 hr. of exposure times were 70 and 35 ppm for A. fragrantissima, 110 and 65 ppm A. decumbens and 145 and 110 ppm for the second instar, while Lc 50 for the fourth instar after the same exposure time were 100,65; 150,78 and 170,115
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