In sub-Saharan Africa, soil degradation and recurrent droughts are major obstacles to a sustainable agriculture. This study aimed at investigating the effect of compost addition to soil on proline content and activities of the antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] in maize plants, under drought stress conditions. The test was carried out in 20L plastic pots containing either sandy soil or sandy soil with the fertilizer, under natural conditions. The water deficit was induced at male blooming and milky grain stages. Plant irrigation was done by successive weighing of the pots during which the control is reduced to the same weight corresponding to 70% of the useful water reserve (UWR), while the stressed treatment maintains the water content at 30% of the UWR for 10 days. At the end of the stress period, the proline content, the CAT and APX activities in the leaves were determined through a spectrophotometry. The results show an important accumulation of proline and increase in enzymatic activity induced by water deficit in plants grown on compost (p = 0.00000 at p < 0.05). This study provides evidence for a beneficial effect of compost application in enhancing drought tolerance of maize.Keywords: Drought stress; compost; proline; antioxidant enzymes; Zea mays L.
Camarero Simon A. (1997). The influence of solid urban waste compost and nitrogen -mineral fertilizer on grow the and productivity in patatoes. Commun. Soil. Sci.Plant anal., 28, pp: 1653-
This research aims to evaluate the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in improving the resilience of cashew seedlings to water deficit and soil nutritional status. The split-plot experimental design was used. The treatments consist of two factors, the two-level water regime (30% useful water reserve and 70% useful water reserve) in main plots and the three-level inoculation (no inoculation, Glomus mosseae and Glomus aggregatum) in subplots. Each treatment is replicated nine times. The study was conducted at Agronomic Experimentation Station of the University of Lomé between June to November 2020. Induction of deficit hydric started three months after the setting up of the trial and lasted two months. At the end of the water shortage cycle, growth parameters were measured and leaf and soil samples were taken for laboratory analysis. Parameters assessed include mycorrhization rate, relative water content, leaf proline content, malondialdehyde content, mycorrhizal dependency, plant biomass and mineral content of the soil. The results show good mycorrhization rate, 70.86% for Glomus aggregatum and 54.92% for Glomus mosseae with mycorrhiza dependency of 12.87% and 11.74% respectively. Mycorrhizal inoculation reduced water stress symptoms in addition to the plant's intrinsic protective mechanisms. This was reflected in lower leaf proline and malondialdehyde content and improved relative water content of stressed but inoculated plants compared to uninoculated plants. The AMF also improved the availability of mineral nutrients in the soil, which resulted in better growth of inoculated plants under both water stress and normal watering conditions. The overall assessment of the research suggested that AMF can be used to improve cashew seedlings resistance against drought and to improve their growth through improvement of soil nutrient availability.
Background: One of the limiting factors of cotton production in West Africa and more particularly in Togo is drought. Identifying the resistant varieties and understanding the mechanisms involved in their resistance is a major asset for the breeder. In this context, twelve (12) varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) were studied under two water regimes (normal and deficit during flowering), in 30 L plastic pots, under controlled sowing conditions, following a split-plot design with three replications. The induction of water deficit consisted of a decrease in irrigation from 70% to 30% of the total available water (TAW) for thirty (30) days. Observations were made on agromorphological and biochemical characteristics. Result: The results showed that decreased water deficit decreased seed cotton production, aerial and root biomass, vegetative branches bolls, and chlorophyll content. On the other hand, the water deficit increases the average weight of the bolls. The resistant varieties to the water deficit were characterized by an increase in the main root length (X148), the chlorophyll content (STONE 907), the secondary roots number, and proline content (BRS 286), and a decrease in the MDA content (STONE 907). The susceptible varieties were characterized by high MDA content (NTALL88) and a low secondary root number (Deltatpine SL Frego). Conclusion: The varieties STONE 907, BRS286, and X148 can be used as progenitors in crossing programs to improve the water deficit resistance of cotton varieties grown in Togo and West Africa countries.
Au Togo, la production du piment (Capsicum spp.), légumineuse prisée, reste encore très faible. Afin d’aider à sa promotion, une enquête a été menée dans 20 localités, pour évaluer les contraintes qui y sont liées, la perception paysanne du déficit hydrique et les pratiques endogènes de gestion de l’eau. Au total, 28 contraintes ont été répertoriées dont la plus citée est le déficit hydrique (94,74%). La corrélation entre les localités et les contraintes citées a permis de définir trois groupes de localités dont deux géographiquement homogènes. La région centrale, avec le plus grand nombre de contraintes, connaît également les plus longues durées de poches de sécheresse en pleine saison pluvieuse (2,4 ± 0,75 semaines). En périodes de manque d’eau, les producteurs adoptent diverses pratiques endogènes consommatrices d’eau (irrigation, arrosage) et/ou conservatrices d’humidité (paillage, agriculture sur berge). Aussi, 34 cultivars, sous réserve de synonymie, ont été identifiés, répartis en six groupes suivant une classification ascendante hiérarchique basée sur la forme des fruits. Le cultivar Gboyébéssé est le plus prisé avec un indice de valeur d’importance de 1,22. Ces résultats pourront permettre de mieux planifier les plans d’action des différents acteurs de la filière piment pour une production optimale.Mots clés : Légumes, stress hydrique, pratiques endogènes, contraintes de culture, Togo. English Title: Endogenous knowledges and perception of water deficit related to chilli (Capsicum spp.) cultivation of in TogoIn Togo, the production of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), estimated vegetable, is still very low. In order to help its promotion, a survey was conducted in 20 areas, to assess the related constraints, the peasant perception of water deficit and the endogenous practices of water management. A total of 28 constraints were identified and the most cited is water deficit (94.74%). Three groups of areas (of which two are geographically homogeneous) emerged after a correlation between areas and constraints. The central region, with the highest number of constraints cited, also has the longest dry pockets in the wet season (2.4 ± 0.75 weeks). In response to periods of lack of water, producers adopt various endogenous water-consuming practices (irrigation, watering) and/or humidity-conserving practices (mulching, riverbank farming). Also, the study identified 34 cultivars if no synonymy, divided into six groups according to an ascending hierarchical classification and based on the pomological characteristics of the fruit. Cultivar Gboyébéssé is the most popular cultivar with a value index of 1.22. These results can be the basis for better action plan of the various stakeholders in the chilli pepper sector for an optimal production.Keywords: Vegetables, water stress, endogenous practices, cultural constraints, Togo.
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