Time-integration methods for semidiscrete ÿnite element equations of hyperbolic and parabolichyperbolic types are analysed in the frequency domain. The discrete-time transfer functions of six popular methods are derived, and subsequently the forced response characteristics of single modes are studied in the frequency domain. Three characteristic numbers are derived which eliminate the parameter dependence of the frequency responses. Frequency responses and L 2 -norms of the phase and magnitude errors are calculated, and comparisons are given of the methods. As shown; the frequency-domain analysis explains all time-domain properties of the methods, and gives more insight into the subject.
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