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In the years 1963-1991 inclusive, 88 patients were operated on with a diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease. The cysts were intact in 69 and infected in 19 cases. It was possible to use a surgical technique that preserved the pulmonary parenchyma in 67 patients. In this technique, the cavity after removal of the mother membrane is left open and only the air leaks are sutured. Continuous postoperative drainage of the residual cavity and the ipsilateral hemithorax always resulted in complete inflation of the affected lung. Enucleation of the endocyst and extended resection of the sclerotic pulmonary parenchyma were performed in 15, enucleation and obliteration in three, lobectomy in two and Barrett's method was applicable in one patient. A bronchopleural fistula developed in 11 patients postoperatively and in four of these cases a second thoracotomy was necessary. Postoperative empyema developed in four cases. There were two postoperative deaths in the series. Eighty-six patients were symptom-free in the long-term postoperative follow-up. We conclude that in the surgical management of the disease it should not be necessary to obliterate the residual cavity with extensive suturing which always leads to extra fibrosis with loss of viable pulmonary parenchyma.

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Jugular phlebectasia is a congenital dilatation of jugular vein which appears as a soft, compressible mass in the neck only during straining or crying. It should be differentiated from laryngocele, cysts and tumors of neck which may also appear during straining. Comparable ultrasonography (US) and computerized tomography (CT) are diagnostic methods to distinguish the pathology. Four children with jugular phlebectasia diagnosed by venography, US and CT are reported. Surgical excision of the dilated segment was performed in each case. The inevitability of surgical intervention is discussed.

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