Our findings demonstrated that additional resources, such as care services, should be provided for sufferers of EOD, in order to allow family caregivers to cope with difficulties associated with patient behavioural problems.

There appeared to be gaps in knowledge on dementia among the general public, which may prevent caregivers from planning upcoming social and financial challenges. Correct information needs to be given by health professionals and care staff. Educational initiatives planned for the general public could be useful, and should target those groups, men and non-middle aged women who have lower knowledge.

As in other clitellate annelids, embryonic development in the oligochaete Tubifex is characterized by the generation of five bilateral pairs of teloblasts (designated M, N, O, P and Q), which serve as embryonic stem cells to produce germ bands on either side of the embryo. A large part of the tissues comprising body segments has been assigned to the progenies of the teloblasts; however, the developmental fate of each teloblast has been inferred only from its initial position in the embryo. In the present study, the fate of the progenies of each teloblast was followed by means of intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme, horseradish peroxidase. Cell fate maps for teloblasts in the Tubifex embryo were constructed. M teloblasts gave rise to nearly all of the mesodermal tissues, which included circular and longitudinal muscles, coelomic walls, nephridia (in segments VII and VIII) and primordial germ cells (in segments X and XI). Although few in number, M teloblasts also contributed cells to the ventral ganglion. Similarly, each of the ectoteloblasts, N, O, P and Q, made a topographically characteristic contribution to the ectodermal tissues such as the nervous system (i.e. ganglionic cells and peripheral neurones) and epidermis, all of which exhibited a segmentally repeated distribution pattern. The P and Q teloblasts uniquely gave rise to additional ectodermal tissues, namely ventral and dorsal setal sacs, respectively. Furthermore, O teloblasts made a contribution to the nephridiopores in segments VII and VIII as well. These results confirm the previously held view that ectoteloblasts and mesoteloblasts are the main source of ectodermal and mesodermal segmental tissues, respectively, but also suggest that all of the teloblasts produce more types of tissue than has previously been thought.

In the present study, PHB towards the older people by family caregivers was associated with patients' behavioral disturbances and patient-caregiver kinship, i.e. an adult child as a caregiver. These findings should be taken into account when planning strategies to prevent PHB by family members.

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The threat of rabies to pupils in Sri Lanka would be reduced if they are given appropriate information on rabies prevention as a part of the school curricula. Close collaboration with local education offices is key to successful implementation of school-based rabies control programmes, which is, in turn, crucial to the eradication of rabies from Sri Lanka.

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