Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume) has many health benefits as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. Its leaf and tuber can be dried and used as simplicia. This study was performed to discover the drying kinetics and modelling for Keladi Tikus, especially its leaves and tuber parts. Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was implied as the experiment design in this study. Three temperature variables (40, 50, and 60°C) and a dehydrated oven were employed in the drying procedure. The rates of drying of Keladi Tikus simplicia were observed, and the results are shown as the decreasing drying rate curve, i.e. drying time gets faster with increasing drying temperature. Drying models are obtained by plotting moisture ratio to drying time. The dried tuber can reach a water content below 10% at all temperature drying variations. Meanwhile, drying leaves using temperatures below 50C cannot reduce the water content to reach less than 10%. The mathematical models for the drying process were generated and their accuracies were judged by implying the statistical parameters Standard Error (SE) and determination coefficient (R2). The best model was chosen based on a comparison of six models. Page’s model is the best model for all drying temperatures of tuber, while the Two-term’s model is best for leaves drying. The results from this study provide suitable mathematical models to predict the optimal temperature and drying time for Simplicia of Keladi Tikus tuber and leaves.
Phyllanthus niruri L. drying kinetics were empirically examined at the temperature of 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C in an air-drying oven. The herbs’ aerial components (stems, leaves, and flowers) were picked after 9-10 weeks of planting. The drying procedure ended when the sample weights remained unchanged. The drying time varied from 7 to 20.5 hours. CurveExpert Professional was utilized to establish the optimal modeling fit. According to the statistical analysis, notably for the root mean square error (RMSE), determination coefficient (R2 ), and residual chi-square (χ2 ), Midilli-Kucuk has deemed the optimal function for characterizing the kinetics of P. niruri drying. The effective diffusivity and drying activation energy of P. niruri were reported to be 4.050x10-9 m2/s – 1.620x10-8 m2/s and 55.23 kJ/mol, respectively. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was also employed to analyze the effects of the temperature on flavonoid content. The measurement showed that the flavonoid content from all dried herbs varied from 1.18-1.69 %, which already meets the Farmakope Herbal Indonesia’s standard. The highest flavonoid content was found at the lowest drying temperature.
This study aimed to find out the use of Bicomat doses and spacing to increase crop production and heavy metal reduction. It was carried out in paddy fields in Karangploso Subdistrict of Malang District from April to July 2022. The study used a Randomized Group Design (RGD), 2 factors and 3 repetitions. The first factor was the dose of Bicomat (B) consisting of B0 = Control (without Bicomat), B1 = Bicomat 10 t ha -1 , B2 = Bicomat 20 t ha -1 , and B3 = Bicomat 30 t ha -1 ; the second factor was the planting distance (P) comprising 3 planting distances of paddy plants: P1 = 20 × 20 cm, P2 = 20 × 30 cm, and P3 = 20 × 40 cm. The observed parameters included the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of saplings, paddy grain weight per plot, and weight of 1000 paddy grains. While the analyzed heavy metal were Pb and Cu. The results showed that the use of BCH doses increased the growth of paddy plants on all observed parameters. The use of a dose of Bicomat of 10-20 t ha -1 increased the weight of grain and the weight of 1000 grains of paddy. The use of doses of 10 t and 20 t with a planting distance of 20 × 40 cm showed significant growth. The average weight of dry grain obtained at the doses of 10 and 20 t of ha -1 and a planting spacing of 20 × 40 cm amounted to 7.93 and 7.53 kg of plot-1. While in the weight parameter of 1000 grains of paddy, the results averaged out at 32.67 and 34.33 g. The reduction of Pb and Cu metal obtained were 26.23%-58.77% and 56.12%-89.96%, respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.