The geographic distribution of a catfish of the family Loricariidae, Rineloricaria daraha Rapp Py-Daniel and Fichberg, 2008, which was only known from its type locality within the Rio Daraá, Brazil, is extended here within the Rio Negro basin to Colombia. This new record from Colombian territory is more than 700 km apart, in hydrological distance, from previously recorded locality in the Rio Daraá. Illustrations of diagnostic characters and morphometrics are provided based on Colombian specimens.
The Amazon River basin hosts the most diverse freshwater ichthyofauna in the world, and yet huge areas of the basin remain unexplored. This is the case for the upper tributaries of the rio Negro, especially those draining the Colombian territory. Here we present a list of 224 species derived from the examination of specimens collected in the Mitú region (Vaupés Department, Colombia), the middle basin of the río Vaupés. Of the species identified in our study, 10 species are recorded from Colombia for the first time, and 26 species are newly recorded from the Colombian Amazon. The number of species we present here comprise almost one-third of the known species diversity of the Colombian Amazon and nearly a tenth of the total number of those known across the entirety of the Amazon basin. The most diverse orders were Characiformes (120 species) and Siluriformes (65 species), and the remaining six orders comprised less than 20% of total species. The study area comprised blackwater systems, which are considered to be nutrient-poor environments. We discuss some ecological aspects that might explain how this highly diverse ichthyofauna originates and is maintain in less productive systems. The list presented here adds an important number of new records and complements the information derived from previous studies, carried out thus far with regards to the fish fauna of the Colombian Amazon.
A new species of Creagrutus is described from the Amazonian Piedmont, Colombia. The new species can be distinguished from congeners by presenting the following unique combination of characters: a dark mid-lateral stripe starting at anteriormost scale of lateral line, a vertically elongated humeral blotch, absence of dark blotches on dorsal fin and at base of middle caudal-fin rays, a triangular dentigerous surface of the premaxilla, 5–6 dentary teeth, and 11–12 predorsal scales. Comparisons with congeners distributed in the piedmont region of Río Caquetá basin are presented and its relationships among species of Creagrutus is inferred from the available phylogenetic framework.
Based on a rigorous analysis of fish collections of the Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas (Sinchi) and new collections by us, we report new Colombian records and geographical range extensions for freshwater fish species. The new occurrences include representatives of four taxonomic orders, eight families, and 13 genera. Our findings expand the geographic ranges of fish species within the Amazon and Orinoco basins and include species reported from Colombia for the first time. This information is fundamental for completion of species inventories, as well as analyses of freshwater fish diversity patterns at macroecological scales. In addition, our data provide useful information for the formulation of strategies for the conservation, management, and sustainable use of biodiversity.
The Neotropical family Scoloplacidae is a monogeneric group of miniature freshwater catfishes that includes 6 species. Scoloplax dicra has the widest distribution across the Amazon basin, except in the western upper portions. We collected 3 specimens from localities close to Leticia in Colombia, corresponding to S. baileyi and S. dicra, constituting the westernmost records of the family for the Amazon basin and the first for Colombia.
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