Although millions of people have been infected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), only a small proportion of infected individuals will develop adverse outcomes, ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. Advanced development of the disease has been well-linked with chronic inflammation, which is significantly impacted by the adaptive and humoral immunity response. From the perspective of cellular immunity, this review aims to clarify the intricate axis between IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in H. pylori-related diseases and the pathogenesis of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. CD4+ helper T (Th)-17 cells, with the hallmark pleiotropic cytokine IL-17, can affect antimicrobial activity and the pathogenic immune response in the gut environment. These circumstances cannot be separated, as the existence of affiliated cytokines, including IL-21 and IL-23, help maintain Th17 and accommodate humoral immune cells. Comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interaction between molecular host responses in H. pylori-related diseases and the inflammation process may facilitate further development of immune-based therapy.
Chikungunya fever is a mosquito‐borne disease cause of persistent arthralgia. The current diagnosis of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) relies on a conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) is a rapid and simple tool used for DNA‐based diagnosis of a variety of infectious diseases. In this study, we established an RT‐LAMP system to recognize CHIKV by targeting the envelope protein 1 (E1) gene that could also detect CHIKV at a concentration of 8 PFU without incorrectly detecting other mosquito‐borne viruses. The system also amplified the E1 genome in the serum of CHIKV‐infected mice with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, we established a dry RT‐LAMP system that can be transported without a cold chain, which detected the virus genome in CHIKV‐infected patient samples with high accuracy. Thus, the dry RT‐LAMP system has great potential to be applied as a novel CHIKV screening kit in endemic areas.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the intestine, and the dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) may trigger the onset of IBD. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor that has been implicated in the tissue‐protective effect in the skin and lung. We found that SLPI was induced in lipopolysaccharides‐treated colon carcinoma cell line and in the colon of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐treated mice. SLPI‐deficient mice were administered DSS to induce colitis and sustained severe inflammation compared with wild‐type mice. The colonic mucosa of SLPI‐deficient mice showed more severe inflammation with neutrophil infiltration and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with control mice. Moreover, neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in SLPI‐deficient mice was increased and IEB function was severely impaired in the colon, accompanied with the increased number of apoptotic cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that DSS‐induced colitis was ameliorated by administration of protease inhibitor SSR69071 and recombinant SLPI. These results suggest that the protease inhibitory activity of SLPI protects from colitis by preventing IEB dysfunction caused by excessive NE activity, which provides insight into the novel function of SLPI in the regulation of gut homeostasis and therapeutic approaches for IBD.
This study investigated the difference of psychological distress between students of Universitas Indonesia who have andwho does not have perceived peer social support. This quantitative study has been done by adapting HSCL-25questionnaire to know psychological distress to differentiate students of Universitas Indonesia who perceived peersocial support. Participants are 666 students of Universitas Indonesia obtained by random/probability sampling. There isno significant difference in psychological distress between students of Universitas Indonesia who have and who doesnot have perceived peer social support. It is assumed that there are many other factors that influence the psychologicaldistress student
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