Background There is an alarming rise of chronic kidney disease prevalence globally associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating special attention as one of the major growing public health problems. Medication-related problems are common in hospitalized patients including chronic kidney disease and may lead to increase hospital stay and health care cost and augment the risk of morbidity and mortality. Objective To determine prevalence of medication-related problems and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April to September 2018. Methods A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted among 103 chronic kidney disease patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April to September 2018. Data regarding patient characteristics, medications, diagnosis, length of hospitalization, and laboratory results were collected through review of patients' medical charts. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was utilized to assess the associations between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was considered at p value <0.05. Results Out of 103 chronic kidney disease patients, 81 (78.6%) of patients had MDRs, on average 1.94 ± 0.873 per patient. The rate of overall MRPs was 30.95 per 100 medication orders. The most common MRPs among CKD patients were need additional drug therapy (62 (31%)), nonadherence (40 (20%)), and dose too low (36 (18%)). The most common cause of need additional drug therapy (52 (26%)) was untreated medical conditions; nonadherence (19 (9.5%)) was mostly due to that the patient/caregiver forgets to take/give the medication, and dose too low (29 (14.5%)) was mostly due to that the dose is too low to produce the desired response. Polypharmacy (AOR = 4.695, 95% CI: 1.370–16.091), number of comorbidities (AOR = 3.616, 95% CI: 1.015–1.8741), and stage of CKD (AOR = 3.941, 95% CI: 1.221–12.715) were independent predictors for MRPs. Conclusions We have demonstrated that medication-related problems are high among chronic kidney disease patients. Marital statuses, stage of CKD, polypharmacy, and comorbidity were independent predictors for MRPs. Interdisciplinary health professionals should work to decrease the high prevalence of MRPs among chronic kidney disease patients.

Background. There is an alarming rise of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence globally, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating special attention as one of the major public health problems. The burden of CKD disproportionately impacts low-income countries like Ethiopia where hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the two most important risk factors for CKD growth rate, are greatest. Objective. The aim of this study is to assess patient awareness, prevalence, and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients. Methods. Hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center among adult (≥18 years) hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant and data was collected by interview and chart review; blood and urine samples were collected for CKD screening. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from serum creatinine using CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, and CKD was defined using estimated GFR (e-GFR) and albuminuria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of CKD and p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Result. Mean (±SD=standard deviation) age of participants was 54.81 ± 12.45 years and 110 (52.9%) of them were male. Only 59 (28.4%) of the participants had awareness about CKD and its risk factors. The prevalence of CKD was 26% (95% CI; 20.3%-31.8%). Factors associated with chronic kidney disease were uncontrolled blood pressure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.22,95% CI=1.01-4.76), fasting blood sugar ≥ 150 mg/dl, (AOR=3.70,95% CI=1.75-7.69), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) nonusers, (AOR=4.35 ,95% CI=1.96-10.0), poor knowledge of CKD (AOR=3.69, 95% CI=1.48-9.20), and long duration of hypertension (AOR=4.55, 95%CI=1.72-11.11). Conclusion. Our study found out low level of patient awareness and high prevalence of CKD. The predictors of CKD were uncontrolled blood pressure, fasting blood sugar> 150 mg/dl, long duration of hypertension, ACEIs nonusers, and poor knowledge about CKD.

Background The lack of organ donors has become a limiting factor for the development of organ transplantation programs. Many countries are currently facing a severe shortage of organs for transplantation. Medical students, as future doctors can engage in the role of promoting organ donation by creating awareness and motivating the community to donate their organs besides their voluntary organ donation. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and willingness of undergraduate medical students’ towards organ donation at Jimma University. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 medical students from year I to internship using questionnaire in order to assess their knowledge, attitude and willingness regarding organ donation. Data collected was entered using epidata and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Results Mean (±SD = standard deviation) age of participants was 23.48 ± 17.025 years. 57.8% of the study subjects were male. There was a statistically significant interaction effect between gender and year of study on the combined knowledge questions (dependent variables) F(25,062) = 1.755,P = 0.014, Wilk’s Λ = .033. Variables which were related to a positive attitude towards organ donation were: being of the male sex (Odds Ratio = 1.156); having awareness about organ donation (Odds Ratio = 2.602); not having a belief on the importance of burying intact body (Odds Ratio = 5.434); willingness to donate blood (Odds Ratio = 4.813); and willingness to donate organ (Odds Ratio = 19.424). Conclusion High level of knowledge but low level of positive attitude and willingness was noticed among the study participants toward organ donation.

Background: Diabetes, a non-communicable metabolic disease, causes multiple complications and deaths worldwide. It is a complex, chronic disease that requires continuous medical care with multifactorial risk reduction strategies beyond glycemic control. Ongoing patient education and Self-management support are critical for preventing acute complications and reducing the risk of long-term complications. There is ample evidence that healthy lifestyle choices, such as a healthy diet, moderate weight loss, and regular exercise, can maintain normal blood sugar levels and minimize diabetes-related complications. In addition, this lifestyle change has a major impact on controlling hyperglycemia and can help to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Objective: This study aimed to assess lifestyle modification and medication use in patients with diabetes mellitus at Jimma University medical center. Methodology: Hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess medication use and lifestyle modifications at Jimma University medical center. Data were checked for completeness, then entered into Epidata version 4.2 software and exported to SPSS version 21.0. Pearson’s chi-square test was performed to determine the association between KAP and independent factors. Variables with a p value <0.05 were considered significant. Result: A total of 190 participants took part in this study with a response rate of 100%. In this study, 69(36.3%) participants had good knowledge, 82(43.2%) moderate knowledge and 39(20.5%) poor knowledge, 153(85.8%) had positive attitudes, 141 (74.2%) had good practice. Marital status, Occupational status and educational status were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude towards LSM and medication use. Marital status was the only variable that remained significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and practice towards LSM and medication use. Occupation, education, and marital status were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude towards LSM and medication use Conclusion: The result of this study showed that more than 20% of the participants had poor knowledge, attitude, and practice towards medication use and LSM.Marital status was the only variable which remained to be significantly associated with KAP towards LSM and medication use

Background Medication related problems in cardiovascular disease patients, especially among heart failure patients were found to be high. Medication related problem is a critical problem to provide high quality health care service for the patient which is associated with high mortality, complication, prolonged hospital stay, compromised quality of life and increase health care cost. Objective To determine medication related problems and its predictors in hospitalized heart failure patients at Jimma Medical Center, from May 30, 2019 to November 28, 2020 Methods A prospective interventional study was conducted among heart failure patients from May 30, 2019 to November 28, 2020 at Jimma Medical Center. Medication related problems were sorted based on Pharmaceutical care network Europe drug classification tool version 9.0. Patient’s specific data was collected using questionnaire. The data were coded, cleaned, and entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis .Binary Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of medication related problems occurrence. Variables having P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant Results A total of 384 heart failure patients were included in the study. The mean (SD) age was 49.06 ± 17.79. Two third of study participants had at least one medication related problem. A total of 483 MRPs were identified among 231(60.15%) patients. Treatment effectiveness related problem (55.48%) was the most common observed medication related problems. Alcoholism (AOR; 3.25, 95% CI (1.46–7.23), prolonged hospital stay [AOR = 3.67, 95%CI= (1.85–7.27)]; comorbidity [AOR = 2.88, 95%CI= (1.47–5.66)] and polypharmacy [AOR = 3.07, 95%CI= (1.57–5.99) were the independent predictors of medication related problems. Conclusion The prevalence of medication related problem was high among heart failure patients. Alcoholism, prolonged hospital stay, comorbidity and polypharmacy were the predictors of medication related problems. Hence, to overcome these problems, clinical pharmacists, physicians and other health care professionals have to work in collaboration.