Background There is an alarming rise of chronic kidney disease prevalence globally associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating special attention as one of the major growing public health problems. Medication-related problems are common in hospitalized patients including chronic kidney disease and may lead to increase hospital stay and health care cost and augment the risk of morbidity and mortality. Objective To determine prevalence of medication-related problems and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April to September 2018. Methods A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted among 103 chronic kidney disease patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April to September 2018. Data regarding patient characteristics, medications, diagnosis, length of hospitalization, and laboratory results were collected through review of patients' medical charts. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was utilized to assess the associations between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was considered at p value <0.05. Results Out of 103 chronic kidney disease patients, 81 (78.6%) of patients had MDRs, on average 1.94 ± 0.873 per patient. The rate of overall MRPs was 30.95 per 100 medication orders. The most common MRPs among CKD patients were need additional drug therapy (62 (31%)), nonadherence (40 (20%)), and dose too low (36 (18%)). The most common cause of need additional drug therapy (52 (26%)) was untreated medical conditions; nonadherence (19 (9.5%)) was mostly due to that the patient/caregiver forgets to take/give the medication, and dose too low (29 (14.5%)) was mostly due to that the dose is too low to produce the desired response. Polypharmacy (AOR = 4.695, 95% CI: 1.370–16.091), number of comorbidities (AOR = 3.616, 95% CI: 1.015–1.8741), and stage of CKD (AOR = 3.941, 95% CI: 1.221–12.715) were independent predictors for MRPs. Conclusions We have demonstrated that medication-related problems are high among chronic kidney disease patients. Marital statuses, stage of CKD, polypharmacy, and comorbidity were independent predictors for MRPs. Interdisciplinary health professionals should work to decrease the high prevalence of MRPs among chronic kidney disease patients.

BackgroundAnemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiologic needs, which varies by age, sex, altitude, smoking, and pregnancy status. The study aim is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending a hospital in southern Ethiopia using a structured interview administered questionnaire.MethodsFacility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01–April 30 2015 at Butajira General Hospital, Ethiopia. A total of 217 women responded to the questionnaire and provided blood and stool samples for analysis. Data were analyzed using Statistical packages for social sciences version 20 for windows.Result and conclusionsThe overall burden of anemia in this study was 27.6%. Residence, ANC follow up, history of excess menstrual bleeding and interpregnancy interval were statistically associated with anemia among the pregnant women. Therefore, working in the identified gaps could reduce the current burden of anemia among pregnant women in the study area.

Background. There is an alarming rise of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence globally, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating special attention as one of the major public health problems. The burden of CKD disproportionately impacts low-income countries like Ethiopia where hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the two most important risk factors for CKD growth rate, are greatest. Objective. The aim of this study is to assess patient awareness, prevalence, and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients. Methods. Hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center among adult (≥18 years) hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant and data was collected by interview and chart review; blood and urine samples were collected for CKD screening. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from serum creatinine using CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, and CKD was defined using estimated GFR (e-GFR) and albuminuria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of CKD and p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Result. Mean (±SD=standard deviation) age of participants was 54.81 ± 12.45 years and 110 (52.9%) of them were male. Only 59 (28.4%) of the participants had awareness about CKD and its risk factors. The prevalence of CKD was 26% (95% CI; 20.3%-31.8%). Factors associated with chronic kidney disease were uncontrolled blood pressure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.22,95% CI=1.01-4.76), fasting blood sugar ≥ 150 mg/dl, (AOR=3.70,95% CI=1.75-7.69), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) nonusers, (AOR=4.35 ,95% CI=1.96-10.0), poor knowledge of CKD (AOR=3.69, 95% CI=1.48-9.20), and long duration of hypertension (AOR=4.55, 95%CI=1.72-11.11). Conclusion. Our study found out low level of patient awareness and high prevalence of CKD. The predictors of CKD were uncontrolled blood pressure, fasting blood sugar> 150 mg/dl, long duration of hypertension, ACEIs nonusers, and poor knowledge about CKD.

BackgroundIt is well known that dyslipidemia and chronic hyperglycemia increase the onset of diabetes and diabetic complication. The aim of this study is to see the association of trace metals elements and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.MethodsThe study was conducted on 214 type 2 diabetic patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia. All the eligible study participants responded to the structured interviewer administered questionnaire and fasting venous blood was drawn for biochemical analysis. Trace metal elements (zinc(Zn+2), magnesium(Mg+2), chromium(Cr+3), calcium(Ca+2), phosphorus(Po4 −3), manganese(Mn+2), copper(Cu+2), and iron(Fe+3)) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG)) were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and enzymatic determination method respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 software for windows. Bonferroni correction for multiple statistical comparisons was used and a p-value less than 0.01 were accepted as a level of significance.ResultThe mean age of study participants was 42.95(±12.6) with an average of 5.83(±3.1) years being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The BMI of female (27.1(±4.9)) was significantly higher than male (25.21(±4.2)). BMI shows positive and significant (p < 0.01) association with lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, and TG) among type 2 diabetic patients in the liner regression model. In addition, WH-R was positively associated with TG. In Pearson partial correlation adjusted for sex and age, Za+2 shown to have statistically significant and negative correlations with TC, LDL-C and with TG. Mg+2 and Cr+2 negatively and significantly correlated with the lipid profile TC and LDL-C. Ca+2 negatively correlated with TC and TG. Po−3 4 positively correlated with HDL-C; iron negatively correlated with TC. However, in the liner regression model, only calcium positively and significantly (Beta = −0.21, p < 0.01) associated with TG.ConclusionIn the current study, a negative correlation was observed between trace metal elements (Zn+2, Mg+2, Cr+3, Ca+2 and Fe+3) and lipid profile (TC, LDL-C and TG) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In addition, Ca+2 observed to be associated with TG. Future studies are highly advised to uncover the bidirectional association between trace metal element and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.

Background The lack of organ donors has become a limiting factor for the development of organ transplantation programs. Many countries are currently facing a severe shortage of organs for transplantation. Medical students, as future doctors can engage in the role of promoting organ donation by creating awareness and motivating the community to donate their organs besides their voluntary organ donation. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and willingness of undergraduate medical students’ towards organ donation at Jimma University. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 medical students from year I to internship using questionnaire in order to assess their knowledge, attitude and willingness regarding organ donation. Data collected was entered using epidata and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Results Mean (±SD = standard deviation) age of participants was 23.48 ± 17.025 years. 57.8% of the study subjects were male. There was a statistically significant interaction effect between gender and year of study on the combined knowledge questions (dependent variables) F(25,062) = 1.755,P = 0.014, Wilk’s Λ = .033. Variables which were related to a positive attitude towards organ donation were: being of the male sex (Odds Ratio = 1.156); having awareness about organ donation (Odds Ratio = 2.602); not having a belief on the importance of burying intact body (Odds Ratio = 5.434); willingness to donate blood (Odds Ratio = 4.813); and willingness to donate organ (Odds Ratio = 19.424). Conclusion High level of knowledge but low level of positive attitude and willingness was noticed among the study participants toward organ donation.