The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint motion kinetics of the shoulders, elbows, and wrists between experienced player (skilled player) group and unskilled player group when performing overhead standing smash in badminton game. The samples involved were 26 samples. The samples included 13 male badminton players joining Student Activity Unit who had achieved many achievements and had a high skill (skilled), while the other 13 samples were unskilled players, involving students who had just studied under one year. The mean of participants’ age was 19.4 ± 1.6 years, height was 1.73 ± 0.12m, and body weight was 62.8 ± 3.7kg. This study used 3 Panasonic Handycams, a calibration set, 3D Frame DIAZ IV motion analysis software, and a speed radar gun. Normalization of the kinetic motion score of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints was calculated using the inverse dynamics method. The t-test was used to determine the significance of motion kinetic difference of the two different groups. The results presented that the shuttlecock speed of the skilled player group, during the overhead standing smash, showed a significant difference. Meanwhile, the joint motion of the inferior shoulder force, shoulder anterior force, shoulder internal rotation torque, shoulder horizontal abduction torque, elbow anterior force, and wrist flexion torque were higher in the skilled players group than the unskilled player group.
The recent progress of the studies related to LFRs are summarized. The compatibility of materials with lead alloys has been clarified under steady and transient temperature conditions. Higher Cr content, Si and Al addition and Al-Fe alloy-coating improved corrosion resistance. The Al-Fe alloy-coated steel was not corroded even high temperature transient conditions. The ceramics of SiC and and Si 3 N 4 are expected to be used as cladding material for high temperature LFR. For the consideration of mass transport, the diffusion coefficient of Ni could be measured using Capillary methods. A new bubble visualization method in LBE with gamma-ray radiography was developed. The thermal interaction of LBE and lead droplets with sub-cooled water, and the fragmentation of droplets were investigated, and the visualization of volatile liquid in high temperature liquid were achieved.
It has been investigated by molecular dynamics method the effect of oxygen injection for Ti3SiC2 corrosion inhibition when this material immersed into high temperature liquid lead coolant. The diffusion coefficient of Ti3SiC2 was determined from mean-square-displacement simulation data. The structures of Ti3SiC2 during corrosion inhibition using oxygen agent were observed by Ovito vizualisation code. The simulations have been done using the Moldy molecular dynamics code. Initial material structure as input of simulation generated by Atomsk, Packmol and VESTA codes based on “file 1520829.cif” format file that taken from the crystallography open database (CoD) website. It is from our work we can show that injecting oxygen with concentration about 0.15 – 0.19 wt%, it seems can stabilize the structure of Ti2SiC3 maximally.
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