Overview of recent studies related to lead-alloy-cooled fast reactors

Abstract

The recent progress of the studies related to LFRs are summarized. The compatibility of materials with lead alloys has been clarified under steady and transient temperature conditions. Higher Cr content, Si and Al addition and Al-Fe alloy-coating improved corrosion resistance. The Al-Fe alloy-coated steel was not corroded even high temperature transient conditions. The ceramics of SiC and and Si 3 N 4 are expected to be used as cladding material for high temperature LFR. For the consideration of mass transport, the diffusion coefficient of Ni could be measured using Capillary methods. A new bubble visualization method in LBE with gamma-ray radiography was developed. The thermal interaction of LBE and lead droplets with sub-cooled water, and the fragmentation of droplets were investigated, and the visualization of volatile liquid in high temperature liquid were achieved.

Formation and Reactivity of New Isoporphyrins: Implications for Understanding the Tyr-His Cross-Link Cofactor Biogenesis in Cytochrome c Oxidase

“…Characteristic iron(IV) oxo π-cation radical spectral features were observed, such as the diminished intensity of the Soret band (Figure S4, top) and the intense lowenergy bands centered around 600 nm (Figure 3A). 53,54,58,[83][84][85][86][87] Further, cryogenic electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) measurements identified a peak at 828.0838 (M + ) corresponding to the ferryl species (Figure 3B). Addition of 20 equiv of TFA to this F 8 Cmpd-I complex resulted in the color change of the reaction mixture from green to purple and the formation of a stable (>3 h) iron(III) π-dication species (Scheme 4B and Figures 3A, S4, and S5).…”

Effects of temperature and strain rate on the tensile behaviors of SIMP steel in static lead bismuth eutectic

“…The concept of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical (ADS) system [1][2][3] was proposed in 1990s to transmute the nuclear waste. The strategic objective of ADS is to transmute (burn up) long-lived minor actinide in order to reduce the amount and the radiotoxicity of high radio-toxicity level nuclear waste, and to close the fuel cycle including minor actinides [3].…”

Environmental degradation of structural materials in liquid lead- and lead-bismuth eutectic-cooled reactors

“…The excellent LMC resistance of Al/Si-containing Fe-Cr ferritic steels and Fe-Cr-Ni AuSS has been demonstrated in many studies [111,132,207,214,236,238,245,246,248,250,[592][593][594][595][597][598][599][600][601][602][603][604][605][606][607][608][609]. In particular, AFA stainless steels with a suggested nominal composition of Fe-(20-29)Ni-(15.2-16.5)Cr-(2.3-4.3)Al (all in wt%) might exhibit good resistance to both LMC and LME, since these steels are effectively passivated by the formation of Cr 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 oxide scales, and they show little susceptibility to LME due to their fcc crystal structure [593,610].…”